Unit 5 Kinetics
What is the Rate-Determining Step in a Reaction Mechanism?
the slowest step
What is a reaction with a negative enthalpy?
Exothermic
Temperature
The term for a substance that both donate or accept a proton, thereby can act as both an acid or base
Amphoteric
What is the sign of the entropy for melting?
Positive (+)
What increases rate by increasing the number of effective collisions?
Temperature
What is the enthalpy of formation for an element in its standard state?
0 kJ/mol
What principle predicts a system's response to stress?
Le Châtelier's Principle
What is the pH at the equivalence point of a strong acid/strong base titration?
7
In an electrochemical cell, where does oxidation occur?
The Anode.
If doubling the concentration quadruples the rate, what is the order?
Second Order
In what direction does heat energy flow during condensation?
Exothermic, System to Surroundings
If K > 1, which side of the reaction is favored?
Products
What is the primary conjugate base of H3PO4?
H2PO4-
Negative (-)
In a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve, why does the rate of reaction typically increase as the temperature increases?
A greater fraction of molecules have more energy that is greater than the activation energy.
How do you calculate the enthalpy of bond energies?
The difference of the sum of the enthalpies of breaking bonds and the sum of the enthalpies of forming bonds.
If Q < K, which way does the reaction shift?
pKa
What is the difference between a galvanic cell and an electrolytic cell?
A galvanic cell produces electrical energy from the redox of two metals and their respective solution.
An electrolytic cell requires electrical energy to reverse a thermodynamically unfavorable redox reaction.
In a multi-step reaction mechanism, what is the substance called that is produced by an early step and used up in a later step?
The sign of the enthalpy of dissolution is governed by which 3 process?
1. Lattice Energy
2. Hydrogen Bonding within the solvent
3. Ion-Dipole Forces of the Hydration Shell
What happens to K for an exothermic reaction if temperature increases?
This property of an acid increases when a weak acid solution is diluted, even as its molarity decreases.
Percent Ionization
According to the Nernst Equation under non-standard conditions, what effect will increasing the concentration of the reactants have on the cell potential?
Increasing the concentration of the reactants, which decreases Q, increases lnQ, which will increase the cell potential