Thermochemistry
The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
What is specific heat capacity?
This intermolecular force requires hydrogen to be covalently bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
What is hydrogen bonding?
Some elements in the periodic table have these, leading to similar chemical properties.
What are the same number of valence electrons?
This bond angle comes from a molecule having 2 bonding domains and 2 lone pairs, leading to a bent shape in H2O, for example.
What is <109.5o? OR what is 104.5o?
The height of a peak on a PES diagram might be equal to or different than another, representing the number of these.
What are the electrons in the subshell?
This variable represents the total heat content of a system at constant pressure and is symbolized by H.
What is enthalpy?
This property influences how far an analyte travels up the stationary phase during paper chromatography.
What is polarity or attraction to the stationary/mobile phase?
This measures an atoms ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond.
What is electronegativity?
A molecule of SO3 has this shape, for example.
What is trigonal planar?
This element's condensed electron configuration is [Kr]5s24d2.
What is Zr or zirconium?
This law states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is the same regardless of the pathway taken.
What is Hess' Law?
This is the order of the strengths of intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest.
What is ion-dipole > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > London dispersion forces?
This atomic property increases down a group and decreases across a period due to shielding and nuclear charge.
What is atomic radius?
Molecules with six electron domains and one lone pair have this molecular shape.
What is square pyramidal?
In photoelectron spectroscopy, the position of a peak on the x-axis represents this specific quantity.
What is the binding energy?
These are the conditions needed for ΔH and ΔS for a reaction to never be thermodynamically favorable.
What is ΔH positive and ΔS negative?
These are two factors that increase boiling point.
What are stronger IMFs, higher atmospheric pressure, increased molecular weight, and/or higher surface area of molecule?
This quantity explains why atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period due to increasing pull, moving electrons closer.
What is effective nuclear charge?
This is the reason why NH3 has a trigonal pyramidal shape while BF3 has a trigonal planar shape, even though both have three bonded pairs.
What is NH3 has one lone pair and BF3 has no lone pairs?
This is the full electron configuration of a copper (Cu) atom in the ground state.
What is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1?
This is the maximum temperature (in Kelvin) for a spontaneous reaction with ∆H= -90 kJ/mol and ∆S= -200 J/(mol*K).
What is 450 K?
This is the strongest intermolecular force between molecules of CH3OCH3.
What is dipole-dipole?
This is the reason the ionization energy of nitrogen is higher than that of oxygen, demonstrating a notable exception to the trend in ionization energy across a period.
What is a half-filled 2p shell with 3 unpaired electrons in nitrogen and a paired set of electrons in the 2p shell of oxygen?
These are the electron domain geometry, molecular geometry, and approximate bond angles of a PCl3F2 molecule.
What are trigonal bipyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, and 90o axial/120o equatorial?
The absorption of this wavelength range of light causes bonds to stretch and bend.
What is infrared (IR) light?