Molecular Geometry
Predict the molecular geometry of XeF4
Square Planar
What is the general rule for the solubility of nitrate salts?
All nitrate salts are soluble
What is the term for the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state?
Ionization Energy
What is the term for a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added?
Buffer
Why do noble gases have high first ionization energies but low electron affinities?
Their full valence shell makes it hard to remove an electron, but unfavorable to gain one
Determine the molecular geometry of [ICl2]−
Linear
Why does the solubility of CaCO₃ increase in the presence of CO₂?
When CO₂ dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which then breaks down into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻). The H⁺ ions react with carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻), lowering their concentration. This shifts the equilibrium, causing more CaCO₃ to dissolve to restore balance
What is the term for measuring an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond?
Electronegativity
What is the name of the laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base by adding a known volume of titrant?
Titration
Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction?
Combustion of methane (CH₄)
Dissolution of NaCl in water
Neutralization of HCl with NaOH
Formation of a precipitate in a double displacement reaction
1. Combustion of methane (CH₄)
C-4H4+1+2O20→C+4O2-2+2H2+1O-2
What is the molecular geometry of SF4
See-Saw
How does the size of ions affect the solubility of ionic compounds?
Large ions with low charge generally lead to higher solubility due to lower lattice energy.
Define Gibbs Free Energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy.
G=H−TS
What is the term for the point at which the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal in a buffer solution?
pKa
Which quantum number determines the shape of an orbital?
The azimuthal quantum number (ℓ)
What is the molecular geometry of IF5
Square Pyramidal
Which salts are always soluble in water, regardless of their paired ions? Name 3
All salts containing alkali metal ions (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺) and ammonium (NH₄⁺)
What is the name of the law stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases?
Dalton's Law
What is the condition in which a weak acid and its conjugate base exist in equal concentrations, making the solution pH equal to the pKa of the acid?
Half-Equivalence Point
What is the oxidation state of iron (Fe) in the compound K4[Fe(CN)6]
+2
What is the molecular geometry of XeO3
Trigonal Pyramidal
Why do gases become less soluble in liquids as temperature increases?
Higher temperatures provide gas molecules with more kinetic energy, allowing them to escape from the liquid phase more easily, decreasing solubility.
What is the name of the principle stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Which acid-base indicator is red in acidic solutions and turns yellow in basic solutions, with a transition range of approximately pH 4.4 to 6.2, commonly used in titrations involving weak acids and bases?
Methyl Red
Which transition metal holds the record for the highest oxidation state ever observed?
Platinum, with an oxidation state of +10 in tetroxoplatinum (PtO₄²⁺)