Pressure & Measurement
Pressure is defined as force divided by this.
area
This law states P and V are inversely related at constant T.
Boyle’s Law
The “big one” equation that connects Pressure, Volume, moles, temperature, and a gas constant.
PV = nRT, Ideal Gas Law
This law says total pressure equals the sum of partial pressures.
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
Gas particles are in continuous, random ________.
motion
This is the pressure caused by the weight of air per unit area.
atmospheric pressure
This law says V and T (in Kelvin) are directly related at constant P.
Charles’s Law
R
gas constant
Pressure a gas would exert if it were alone in the container, rather than as all of the gases in that container.
“partial pressure.”
In KMT, the combined volume of gas particles is ________ compared to the container volume.
negligible
Device used to measure gas pressure by comparing it to atmospheric pressure using a height difference.
manometer
This law says V is directly proportional to the number of moles at constant T and P.
Avogadro’s Law
The standard conditions abbreviated STP are called this.
standard temperature and pressure (STP)
Pi = Xi * Ptotal
Equation that links a gas’s partial pressure to its mole fraction and total pressure.
****DAILY DOUBLE**** These graphs describe the range of speeds (and kinetic energies) of particles in a gas at a specific temperature, showing that some move fast, some slow, with a peak for the most probable speed.
Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions
At standard pressure, 1 atm is equal to this many mmHg (or torr).
760 mmHg (or 760 torr)
At STP, one mole of ANY ideal gas occupies this volume.
22.4 L
Rearranged ideal-gas relationship used for density: density = ________.
d = PM/RT
In a nonreacting mixture, what property directly determines a gas’s share of the total pressure
mole fraction
The escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole into an evacuated space?
effusion
Why are mmHg and torr connected to the height of mercury in a barometer/manometer? (Concept!)
these units come from measuring pressure by the height difference of a mercury column, since pressure supports a column of Hg (as in a barometer/manometer)
Which variables in Boyle's Law are held constant?
n (moles) and T (temperature)
What measurements are needed to calculate an unknown molar mass of a gas sample (no math—just list)?
What are mass, volume, temperature, and pressure? (Then use those to get molar mass.)
Typically, a simply a liquid surface has this or a gas evolved over a liquid results in this specific additional pressure in a container.
Vapor Pressure
Real gases deviate most from ideal behavior under these two conditions: ____ temperature, and/or _____ pressure.
low temperature and/or high pressure;