Kinetics
The step that is the rate-determing step in a reaction sequence
The slowest step
Indicated by a negative ∆H value
Exothermic
Value of the ion-product constant for water at 25 degrees Celsius
1.0x10-14
States of matter not included in equilibrium expressions
Pure solid and pure liquids
The value of Avogadro's number
6.02x1023
The unit of the rate constant for a first order reaction
s-1 (or time-1)
States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed
The definition that defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor
Brønsted–Lowry
Rule of thumb that must be followed when deciding whether to neglect change in concentration (x)
5% Rule
A catalyst that is in the same phase as the reactants
Homogeneous catalyst
A species that is neither a reactant nor a product but that is formed and consumed during a reaction sequence
Intermediate
The value of standard enthalpy of formation (∆Hf) for pure elements in their natural states at standard condition
A substance that can behave either as an acid or as a base
amphoteric
Conditions where Kc equals to Kp
When Δngas = 0 (if total moles of gas are the same on both sides)
The energy released by a gaseous atom in its ground state upon accepting an electron
The term for the number of species that must simultaneously collide to produce a reaction
Molecularity
A thermodynamic cycle used to calculate the lattice energy of an ionic compound
Born-Haber Cycle
What generally happens to pH as an acid becomes more dilute
pH increases
Effect on K after adding a catalyst
No effect
Element with the highest electron affinity
Chlorine
The term for a rate constant that incorporates the concentration of a reactant present in large excess
pseudo-rate constant
A property of a system that depends only on its current equilibrium state; the value of this property relies only on the initial and final condition
State function
The pH of an 1.0x10-8M solution of HCl
7.00
The name of industrial process used to synthesize ammonia at high temperatures and high pressures.
Reaction: N2+3H2->2NH3
Haber-Bosch process
Functional groups found on an amino acid