AP Chemistry Review

Periodic Table

100

element with atomic number 40

zirconium (Zr)

200

Both electron affinity and Ionization energy _______ as you go upwards and to the right the periodic table 

Increases

300

Atomic Radius _________ as you go down and to the left on the periodic table. 

increases 

400

True or False: Atomic radius increases as electrons are lost from an atom's outer shell. 

False. Atomic radius increases when electrons are gained in the outer shell

500

What is the electron configuration of Strontium (Sr)

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²

or

[Kr]5s² 

Types of Chemical Reactions

100

AB -> A + B 

is what type of reaction

Decomposition

200

Classify this type of reaction:

N2 (g) + H2O (g) + O2 (g) → NH4NO3 (s)

Combination

300

Neutralization is the reaction between an _____ and a _____.

Acid, Base

400

The process of transforming a dissolved substance into a solid in solution is considered what?

A precipitation reaction

500

What is the type of reaction for this chemical reaction: 

AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO₃ (aq)

Double Displacement & Precipitation Reactions  

double points for both

Acids & Bases

100

Bases have a pH between which 2 numbers on the pH scale

7-14

200

What are the 2 products in an Acid-Base Neutralization reaction Reaction?

Salt and H₂O

300

True or false HOCN and OCN^- are a conjugate acid-base pair.

If true which is the acid, and which is the base

True

HOCN is the acid.

OCN^- is the base.

400

What is the pH of a solution with a [OH^-] = 1.2 x10^-4?

pH = 10

500

Which of the following conjugate acid-base pairs would make for the best buffer at a pH of 3.7?

A: CH₃COOH & CH₃COO^-           K_a = 1.8x10^-5

B: HCO₂H & HCO₂                      K_a = 1.8x10^-4

C: HS^- & S^2-                             K_a = 6.2x10^-4

B: HCO₂H & HCO₂        K_a = 1.8x10^-4

Energy of Reactions

100

Reaction that Release energy 

Exothermic

200

A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up by lowering the activation energy required.

 a Catalysts

300

A reaction in which the reactants have less energy than the products.

What is endothermic reaction?

400

A spontaneous reaction always has a ______ ∆G

negative

500

A reaction is Guaranteed to Be spontaneous when 

∆H is __________

∆S is __________

(negative, positive)

∆H is negative

∆S is positive          

Misc

100

What does an element's atomic number refer to?

The number of protons that elements has.

(number of electrons as well when not ionized.)

200

What do the products of a combustion reaction always include?

CO2 and H2O

300

What is the difference between Covalent bonds and Ionic Bonds (in terms of electrons)

Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds is the transfer of Electrons

400

balance this equation ___ P4 + ___H2 ---> ___PH3

1P4+6H2 ----> 4PH3

500

how many electrons does magnesium have in its outer shell?

3 

(altogether it has 12 electrons)