Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties
Coulomb's Law (and Periodic Trend)
An electron has a stronger electrostatic attraction to the nucleus when in a closer energy level,
and the electron has a lower ionization energy as it moves to a further energy level
Ionic vs Covalent Bond
Ionic: transfer of electrons between metal and nonmetal
Covalent: sharing of electrons between nonmetals
PV=nRT
What occurs during oxidation and reduction chemical processes?
oxidation is the loss of electrons
reduction is the gain of electrons
Zeff (and Periodic Trend)
effective nuclear charge: increases as the number of protons in the nucleus increases and the nucleus has a greater attraction to the electrons
and atomic radius decreases, and ionization energy increases
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons
determines polariy of a bond
Which ions are always soluble?
SNAP
Sodium
Nitrate
Acetate/Ammonium
Potassium
PES
photoelectron spectra: a graph of the number of electrons per orbital and energy level in an atom
The order of the concentration vs. time integrated rate law
zeroth order
Aufbau Principle
electrons fill lower energy levels first, and are removed from lower energy levels first
The order of the inverse of the concentration vs. time integrated rate law
second order
an element with a different number of neutrons
graphs the atomic masses of the isotopes of an element
What are the hybridizations and corresponding bond angles for molecules with 2, 3, and 4 electron domains?
180o sp
120o sp2
109.5o sp3
Real gas molecules have a volume, ideal gas molecules are considered point gases.
Real gas molecules have intermolecular forces, ideal gases do not interact with each other.
The order of the natural log of the concentration vs. time integrated rate law
first order