Moles, Molar Mass & Composition (1.1, 1.3)
The amount of substance that contains 6.022×10^23
What is a mole?
This technique separates isotopes based on mass and charge
What is mass spectrometry?
A mixture that has uniform composition throughout
What is a homogeneous mixture?
This particle has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus
What is a proton?
This trend increases across a period from left to right and up a group
What is electronegativity?
This is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all atoms in a compound
What is molar mass?
In a mass spectrum, the tallest peak is called this
What is the base peak?
This is the component present in the greatest amount in a solution
What is the solvent?
The number of protons in an atom defines this
What is atomic number?
The outermost electrons involved in bonding are called these
What are valence electrons?
The percent by mass of each element in a compound is called this
What is percent composition?
This value represents the weighted average mass of all isotopes
What is average atomic mass?
The ratio of solute to total solution expressed as a percentage is called this
What is percent concentration?
Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy according to this principle
What is the Aufbau principle?
Atoms that gain or lose electrons to form charged particles become these
What are ions?
If a compound has an empirical formula of CH₂ and molar mass of 84 g/mol, this is the molecular formula
What is C₆H₁₂?
Photoelectron spectroscopy measures this property of electrons
What is binding energy?
A mixture where components are visibly distinct
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
No two electrons in the same orbital can have the same set of quantum numbers
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called this
What is ionization energy?
This formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound
What is the empirical formula?
In PES graphs, peaks farther left indicate electrons with this characteristic
What is higher binding energy?
Separating a mixture based on differences in boiling points is called this process
What is distillation?
Electrons occupy separate orbitals before pairing up according to this rule
What is Hund’s rule?
The compound formed between a metal and a nonmetal through electron transfer is this type
What is an ionic compound?