Blood vessels
Name the blood vessels largest to smallest.
In which of these does exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases occur.
Which carry blood to and away from the heart?
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries
capillaries/capillary beds
Arteries = away (oxygenated)
Veins = towards (deoxygenated)
What are the 2 types of circulation?
Systemic - L ventricle pumps blood to aorta and to body, to the system
Pulmonary - R vent to pulmonary artery to lungs for gas exchange
What is normal blood pressure ranges?
What is HTN?
HTN > 120/80
HypoTN < 90/60
Condition occurs when the force of blood exerted by the arterial blood vessel exceeds 140/90. PreHTN
Heart failure because it can no longer pump blood effectively
Cardiogenic shock
Name pulse locations. Nine major ones.
Temporal facial
carotid brachial
radial femoral
popliteal post tibial
dorsalis pedis
What are three layers of veins and arteries?
Tunica externa outer layer, tough connective tissue
Tunica media mid, thicker in art than veins. Why? P
Tunica intima, single layer of squamous epithel cells
Why does the blood make a detour by the liver before returning to the heart?
Liver cells remove and detoxify various poisonous substances that may be present in the blood.
Describe blood pressure. Where is it highest?
Pressue or push of the blood as it flows through the cardiovascular system. Highest in arteries.
Loss of blood volumein the blood vessels possibly due to hemorrhage?
Hypovolemic shock
What is the name of the sound head during blood pressure?
Korotkoff sounds
What is arteriosclerosis? Risk factors?
Hardening of the arteries. High fat high cholesterol diet, smoking, genetics, inactivity, obestity, high alcohol consumption
In fetal circulation, what is different?
Vessels must carry fetal blood to placenta for exchange and then to the fetal body using the umbilical cord, artery and veins.
Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood and the umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood.
How does blood volume affect blood pressure? Hemorrhage?
High volume high pressure
low volume lower pressure
Widespread dilation of blood vessels, spinal injury, may lead to?
Neurogenic shock
What are varicose veins?
Veins near the surface may bulge causing veinous valves to leak.
What is a section of an artery that has become too wide?
Excessive straining during BM and childbirth may contribute to what?
What is the term for acute phlebitis caused by clot formation?
Aneurysm
Hemorrhoids/varicose veins
Thrombophlebitis
Foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
see pg 401
If you have you have polycythemia, how would that affect blood pressure?
Increased RBC, increasing blood viscosity which would increase blood pressure. We do not want thick blood because????
Acute allergic reaction with similar dilation of arteries?
Anaphylactic shock
Define and differentiate:
ischemia
necrosis
gangrene
decreased blood supply
complete tissue death
decayed tissue
What results from ischemia of brain tissue caused by an embolism or ruptured aneurysm?
Cerebral Vascular Accident
The ________ serves as a shunt from the placenta to bypass the immature liver and empties into the inferior VC.
Ductus venosus
High viscosity or thick blood would be a force acts against he flow of blood in a blood vessel. This is an example of what?
Peripheral resistance
Type of shock from infectious agent that releases toxins throughout the body?
Septic shock
Blood flow thru the heart, start w Inf/Sup VC.
Blood flows in from the Inferior and superior vena cava to the right atrium thru the mitral valve into the R ventricle up thru the pulma vale to the pulmonary artery to the lungs back tu the pulmonary veins into the L atria thru the bicuspid valve into the L ventricle up thru the aortic valve to the aorta and out to the body.