Political Ideology
Describes the shared values, beliefs, and attitudes people hold about politics and government.
Political Culture
Voting in an election is an example of this type of participation through established political institutions.
Formal political participation
These organizations and networks exist outside the state and private household, allowing people to organize around shared interests.
Civil Society
Divisions based on ethnicity, race, religion, and class, or territory
Social Cleavage
In both democratic and authoritarian states, cleavages present what threat which could threaten the stability and legitimacy of the state
Violence or terrorism
This process describes how people develop their political beliefs through family, school, media, and other influences.
Political Socialization
Signing an online petition or joining a protest are examples of this type of participation.
Informal Political Participation
These protections shield individuals from government interference in freedoms such as speech, religion, and assembly.
Civil Liberties
Division based on different ideas about the role of government and policymaking goals
Political Cleavage
Name the groups that refer to working-class people uniting to represent their interests collectively in repsonse to social-class cleavages
Unions
This belief emphasizes that people should be free to make their own decisions and that the government should not regulate their behavior or restrict civil liberties.
Individualism
The government's use of force or threats to pressure individuals behavior
Coercion
These protections aim to ensure equal treatment and prevent discrimination in political, legal, and social life.
Civil Rights
A group of people who perceive themselves as sharing a social status based on a common level of wealth, income, type of work, or education
Social Class
This ideology seeks a classless society by eliminating private ownership of the means of production, while historically communist states have often used one-party rule.
Communism
This term describes the use or threat of force by non-state actors to influence political outcomes, intimidate opponents, or challenge authority.
Political Violence
This organized effort seeks social or political change, such as expanding women's rights or protecting the environment.
Social Movement
Name one approach democratic regimes may take towards cleavages in their state
Incorporate groups into the policymaking process; offer political power; devolution; protect and ensure civil liberties. Or repress anti-democratic or anti-human rights groups
This authoritarian ideology emphasizes extreme nationalism, a powerful leader, and the subordination of individual rights to the state.
Fascism
Populism
Terrorism
An internet filter, which is used by the Chinese government to block searches for items that authorities deem threatening to the interests of the state
Name one approach an authoritarian state might take in response to cleavages
Coercion, violence, repression, forced labor, or re-education, preventing these groups from voting or running for office.
This political and economic approach emphasizes free markets, privatization, deregulation, debt reduction, and reduced government involvement in the economy.
Neoliberalism