Unit 1
Data that can be measured in numbers; usually represented in graphs, charts, infographics, etc. is called?
Quantitative Data
Which state has a president and a premier at its executive role?
China
This political ideology is the belief in the abolition of private property with near total governmental control of the economy. It is common in China and early Russia.
Communism
This party system occurs when one party wins power in the executive and the majority of the legislature, although smaller parties win seats in the legislature, one party still controls the majority of government.
One party dominant
States that obtain a sizeable percentage of total government revenue from the export of oil and gas or from leasing the resource to foreign countries. Ex. Iran, Nigeria
Rentier States
The fundamental rules that control access and the exercise of political power that endures from government to government is called?
Regime
This system features a cabinet mostly responsible to the elected executive, with a legislature that can only remove cabinet members through impeachment. These systems have separate fixed-term, popular elections for the national legislature, and a top executive leader serving as both the head of state and the head of government.
Presidential System
True or false? Both democratic and authoritarian regimes impose constraints on the media to maintain order
True
This is an electoral system where only one representative wins, there tends to be plurality elections
Single Member Districts
Bringing industrial sectors (oil, gas, etc.) out of the government’s control and into the hands of private businesses and owners.
Privatization
Define Federal System and name the 3 countries with Federal governments
Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of executive term limits.
Advantages:
Check executive power by inhibiting the emergence of dictators
Help to focus the officeholder on governing rather than winning elections
Provide opportunities for new leaders with new ideas, policies, or goals
Disadvantages:
Force good executives to leave the office
Allow insufficient time for an officeholder to achieve goals
Weaken accountability - prevent officeholders from building experience as chief executive
This comprises a range of voluntary associations that are autonomous from the state, including local religious and neighborhood organizations, news media, some interest groups, etc. It is influenced by regime types and is an important source of democratization.
Civil Society
Name the four main parties in Mexico. Identify which party had dominant control until 2000
PRI, PAN, PRD, Morena. PRI had control until 2000 when they lost to the PAN
These organizations have sovereign powers over the national governments that are member states and can apply pressure on policymakers to reduce tariffs and otherwise liberalize trade. Ex. ECOWAS, EU, NAFTA
Supranational Organizations
This data source measures the amount of inequality in a society; its scale ranges from - to 1, where 0 corresponds to perfect equality and 1 to perfect inequality.
GINI Index
Name the type of law below:
1. UK uses _____
2. Russia uses _____
3. Mexico uses _______
4. Iran and Northern Nigeria use ________
1. Common law
2. Code law
3. Code law
4. Sharia law
Match the social cleavage with the correct country:
1. Religious divisions between Shi'a and Sunni Muslims
2. Ethnic divisions between the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo populations
3. Divisions between regions (addressed by devolution)
1. Iran
2. Nigeria
3. UK
Name and describe a social movement and its impact
Green Movement in Iran
Zapatistas in Mexico
MEND in Nigeria
Etc.
All our course countries have adopted these policies with the goals of remedying rising unemployment, trade deficits, etc. These policies occur when a state reduces its economic role and embraces free market mechanisms (reducing subsidies and tariffs, privatizing government-owned businesses, etc.)
Economic liberalization
Since the end of one-party rule in 2000, Mexico has held competitive elections, established independent institutions, and allowed for a free press and strong civil society. Although Mexico still faces challenges such as high levels of corruption and violence that threaten democratic institutions, they have shown progress toward ____________. They have matured their democracy to make it unlikely to revert to authoritarianism.
Democratic Consolidation
China's government uses its legal system to suppress dissent and maintain social control. For instance, the government has used vague and broadly defined laws related to national security, such as the National Security Law and the Cybersecurity Law, to prosecute and silence critics and activists. Their vague and arbitrary application of the rules often undermines due process and civil liberties. This is an example of _________.
Rule by law
Russia holds contested elections, but with limited degrees of competitiveness and provide minimal civil liberty protections and governmental transparency. Opposition parties and independent media are heavily constrained, and the government has taken steps to limit freedom of expression and association. Russia is an example of an ________
Illiberal Democracy
Before the move to democratization, interest groups in Mexico were organized with the Mexican government. Each sector of society had a designated representative who negotiated with the government to determine policy and legislation related to labor, agriculture, and industry. The system aimed to promote social stability, economic growth, and political control, but faced criticism for being corrupt and ineffective, and for failing to address issues such as poverty, inequality, and violence. This is known as a _________ system.
Corporatist
In the UK, the growth of London as a global financial center, with the city's financial institutions attracting investment from around the world is an example of _____. This growth has been facilitated by the UK's open economy, liberal policies, and English-language dominance in international finance. This has also, however, led to concerns about rising inequality, job insecurity, and cultural homogenization.
Globalization