Introduction to Programming
Another term for 'repetition'
Iteration
Refers to data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time like sound and music files.
Analog
The practice of controlling access to personal information and protecting against unauthorized use and aquisition
Data security
The goal of finding the best solution among many
Optimization problem
The rate at which data is downloaded or uploaded in a network
Bandwidth
Evaluate:
!(True && 3 > 4)
True
Machine learning
Actions by the user such as button clicks.
User Events
Equals 8 bits
Byte
An entity that issues digital certificates
Certificate authority
Are input variables for a procedure
Parameters
The capability of a system to continue operating properly in the even of the failure of one or more of its components
Fault-tolerant
A procedure that computes and returns a value
Function
the collection and analysis of data relating to the natural world by members of the general public, typically as part of a collaborative project with professional scientists.
Citizen Science
Data sent back from the program to the device and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text.
Output
123 in binary
101010
A piece of secret data used by encryption and decryption algorithms
key
For a parallel solution, this is measured in the time it took to complete the task sequentially divided by the time it took to complete the task when done in parallel
Speedup
A company that provides customers with Internet access
Internet Service Provider
An abstract data type that stores multiple objects in order
List
A method of user authentication which requires the user to present multiple pieces of evidence in multiple categories (such as knowledge and possession)
multifactor authentication (MFA)
A system of rules that govern the behavior of some system.
Protocol
A way to store large amounts of persistant data in rows and columns
Database
A method of encoding a message into a secret text. One of these is named after Caesar
Cipher
A problem that has a yes or no answer
Decision problem
A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network
IP Address
A non-executable block of text that can be added to a program to provide clarification and documentation of the code
Comment
Can solve large problems by using resources online rather than processing the data on a single local computer
Cloud computing
To diagnose and solve problems with your code
Debug
data about data
A program to record every keystroke made by a computer user
Keylogger
This usually means it runs faster or uses less space
More efficient
A hierarchical name (such as trincoll.edu) that identifies an institution on the internet.
Domain name
Gives the remainder when one number is divided by another
Mod operator
The gap between those who have access to the internet and computers and those who do not, usually affected by socioeconomic, geographic, or demography characteristics
Digital divide
Can run many different programs (ie. a smartphone)
General Purpose Computer
Of the two types of compression, this one is usually faster
Lossy compression
An attempt to try every possible encryption key to break a secret message
Brute force attack
The undecidable problem of determining whether a computer program will procedure an answer at some point or loop forever on a given input
The Halting Problem
The protocol that powers the Web, used to request webpages from servers and submit form data to servers
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
An algorithm that runs faster than its linear counterpart, but requires the data to be sorted.
binary search
When the allocation of resources and workload are distributed to individual devices on a network
Decentralized or Distributed Computing
Of the 3 building blocks of algorithms, if statements represent this concept.
Selection
Provides simpler, generalized way to access a more complex collection of data
Data abstraction
Relatively small amounts of data that web browsers store on your computer.
Cookies
An example of a runtime that is reasonable
Polynomial time or linear time
A lightweight data transport protocol with minimal error checking
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Evaluate:
(3 * 4 % 2 + 3) * 6 - 10 / 2
13
Rights given to persons over the creations of their minds, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images
Intellectual Property Rights
a library of procedures and a description of how to call each procedure
API (Application Programming Interface)
1011 0111 is the binary form of this number
183
This is performed by counting the occurrence of the letters in an encrypted message in an effort to discover patterns that might reveal the encryption key
Frequency analysis
Finds an approximate solution for a hard problem; Helpful for finding a solution in a reasonable amount of time
Heuristic algorithm
A data transport protocol that includes mechanisms for reliably transmitting packets to a destination
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
An error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the number with full precision (like using 3 digits to represent π as 3.14)
Roundoff error
A set of licenses that allow creates to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators
Creative commons