Binary & Number Systems
The smallest unit of information a computer can store, represented as a 1 or 0.
What is a bit?
This type of compression reduces file size while allowing the original data to be perfectly reconstructed.
What is Lossless Compression?
This type of data is measured continuously and changes smoothly, like the sound of a live instrument.
What is Analog Data?
This term refers to "data about data," such as the date a photo was taken or the file size.
What is Metadata?
In AP CSP Pseudocode, all list indexes start at this number.
What is 1?
The number of bits that make up a single "Byte."
What is 8?
This type of compression throws away some data to save space, meaning the original cannot be perfectly restored.
What is Lossy Compression?
This is the technique of recording an analog signal at regular "discrete" moments to convert it to digital.
What is Sampling?
This process involves making data uniform (like fixing typos) without changing the actual meaning of the data.
What is Cleaning Data?
This is the number system (Base 16) often used to represent RGB colors using numbers 0-9 and letters A-F.
What is Hexadecimal?
The total number of unique combinations or values that can be represented by 8 bits.
What is 256?
This specific lossless method replaces long strings of identical data with a code (ex, FFFFF = 5F).
What is Run Length Encoding (RLE)?
Digital data is used to approximate real-world analog data; this "simplifying" process is a form of this.
What is Abstraction?
This is the process of examining very large data sets to find useful patterns or trends.
What is Data Mining?
This error happens when a programmer forgets a bracket or misspells a command.
What is a Syntax Error?
To find the largest number a computer can represent with n bits, you use this specific formula.
What is 2n - 1?
According to the guide, lossy compression is most commonly used for these two types of files.
What are images and audio (sound)?
To make a digital recording sound more like the original analog sound, you would need to do this during sampling.
What is take samples more frequently (increase sampling rate)?
If you multiply every number in a list by 2 or filter a list to show only "True" values, you are doing this.
What is Data Transformation?
The review guide says this "Big Idea" (Unit 3) is the one you should focus on the most.
What is Algorithms and Programming?
This occurs when a computer is asked to calculate a number that is outside of its defined range of bits.
What is an Overflow Error?
True or False: Lossy compression provides a much smaller file size than lossless compression.
What is True?
This is the process of converting information into a digital format of 0s and 1s.
What is Digitization?
This type of chart is best used to show how data changes over a period of time.
What is a Line Chart?
This is a mistake in the program that causes it to run incorrectly or produce the wrong output, but doesn't crash the program.
What is a Logic Error?