Animal Behavior 51
Ecology 52
Populations 53
Comm. 54/ Eco. 55
Conservation 56
100
_____________=change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus _____________=oriented movement +/- from stimulus
What is Kinesis and Taxis
100
Explain difference between community, population, ecosystem.
populations builds community, add abiotic for ecosystem
100
Discuss 3 types of dispersal
What is clumped, uniform, random
100
explain 3 types of symbiosis
comm (+/0) mutual (+/+) parasitic (+/-)
100
Explain the 3 levels of biodiversity.
genetic within a species species within an ecosystem ecosystem- community diversity across a landscape/region
200
Explain the proximate and ultimate causes AND provide an example.
How a behavior occurs and why a behavior occurs in context to natural selection. Red belly stickleback- red is how behavior trigger/why- ensures fertilizations of eggs in his territory
200
List and explain what 4 abiotic factors affect climate and classification of biomes.
What is temp, precip, sunlight, wind
200
Provide the equation for change in population size. When would a population experience zero population growth?
birth+imm)-(death+em) B=D
200
What is an organisms ecological niche? Explain difference between fundamental and realized niche.
: the sum total of an organism’s use of abiotic/biotic resources in the environment Fundamental niche = niche potentially occupied by the species Realized niche = portion of fundamental niche the species actually occupies
200
Explain what Eutrophication is and its affect on marine ecosystems
excess nitrogen/phosphorus (mainly from agriculture) causes increase in algae- decreasing O2- decreasing aquatic life
300
___________ describes behavior of threats or rituals, sometimes combat that settles dispute over resources or mates ___________ selfless behavior- sacrificing oneself for better of relatives
Agonistic Altruism
300
How do mountain ranges (near coastlines) affect rainfall? Describe vegetation patterns.
Moist airs rises windward side- drops precipitation, heavy vegetation, high altitude dries air- rain does not continue leeward side- lack of vegetation
300
Discuss ways of estimating population size- different methods- reference the recent 'bean' activity.
counting individuals- unlikely, random sampling, quadrants, mark-recapture
300
Describe 3 types of defense adaptations in predation relationships.
Cryptic coloration – camouflaged by coloring Aposematic or warning coloration – bright color of poisonous animals Batesian mimicry – harmless species mimic color of harmful species Mullerian mimicry – 2 bad-tasting species resemble each other; both to be avoided Herbivory – plants avoid this by chemical toxins, spines, & thorns
300
Explain acid precipitation and its negative impact
decrease in pH level of precipitation- due to NOx and SOx (wood/fossil fuels) decrease harm to vegetation/forests/structures
400
Discuss 3 types of learned behavior providing examples for each.
What is habituation, imprinting, spatial, associative, cognitive, social
400
Explain why tropics receive such heavy precipitation AND why arid lands are found to the north and south of these areas.
moist air rises- causes precipitation- dry air settles and absorbs moisture
400
Explain in detail what the DEER activity helped us to model and visual. Discuss growth, fluctuation, limiting factors
initial exponential growth, reach carrying capacity, natural fluctuations, density dependent factors
400
Explain autotrophs, heterotrophs, producers, consumers- distinguish between levels of consumers and trophic levels.
lengthy- auto-prod, hetero-consumers, trophic feeding levels with producers first
400
Explain bio magnification through a food chain- reference trophic levels.
Increase in toxin levels as you reach higher trophic levels- unable to break down high levels of toxin
500
Discuss 4 types of animal communication methods.
What is pheromones, visual, auditory, tactile.
500
Describe 4 of 8 biomes
answers will vary: tundra, tropical forest, temperate forest, coniferous forest, desert, savanna, chapparal, temperate grassland
500
In a typical predator prey relationship (ex. lynx and snowshoe hare) explain and provide visual example of what a graph tracking their population size would look like over 50 years
boom and bust-
500
Explain primary productivity, gross productivity, net productivity
Primary production = amt. of light energy that is converted to chemical energy Gross primary production (GPP): total primary production in an ecosystem Net primary production (NPP) = gross primary production minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R):
500
Discuss greenhouse effect- what it is, why do we need it, and how humans are affecting it. What time period did humans really start to factor in? How is this affecting biodiversity?
Increase CO2 levels- industrial revolution, increase of fossil fuels, trapping heat, earth incapable of supporting diverse species- species cant adapt
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