Logical Fallacies
Appeals & Claims
Rhetorical Terms
Methods of Development
APL General
APL General
Class Trivia
100
Arguing against the man instead of against the issue. Example: We can’t elect him mayor. He cheats on his wife! Or: He doesn’t really believe in the First Amendment. He just wants to defend his right to hold racist views.
What is ad hominem
100
the appeal to the audience's emotions or state of mind, such as. fear, anger, sadness, or excitement.
What is an appeal to emotion?
What is pathetic appeal?
100
Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. Ex: “But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.” President Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
What is asyndeton?
100
an analytical mode of paragraph development in which the author provides a definition that moves beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine a word or concept as we actually use and understand it.
what is definition?
100
A thesis that tells the reader both your position and the reasons you feel that way.
What is a closed thesis statement?
100
The relationship among the speaker, audience, subject.
What is the rhetorical triangle?
100
An activity to enhance facial features that was the subject of one of our synthesis prompts.
What is mewing?
200
The conclusion does not follow logically from the premise. Example: My teacher is pretty; I’ll learn a lot from her. Or: John McCain was a war hero; he’ll be willing to stand tough for America.
What is non sequitur
200
an appeal that includes the use of facts and statistics.
what is logical appeal?
200
a figure of speech that involves the immediate repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. The repetition of the word or phrase continues onto the following lines. The following Winston Churchill quote is an example of this device: “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans.”
What is anaphora?
200
an analytical mode of paragraph development in which the material is arranged chronologically and may be explained as it occurs in time. Typically used to tell a story
what is chronology or narrative?
200
An acronym for the rhetorical situation?
What is Space Cat?
200
acknowledging the complexity or limitations of one's argument by considering alternative perspectives, exceptions, or nuances.
What is qualifying a claim?
200
The Do Now activity which most students complained about because they would lose their "tabs".
What is 5 steps to a 5?
300
A generalization based on too little evidence, or on evidence that is biased. Example: All men are testosterone-driven idiots. Or: After being in New York for a week, I can tell you: all New Yorkers are rude.
What is hasty generalization
300
A claim that argues wether something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing.
Example: "The Lord of the Rings is the best movie of all time."
What is a claim of value?
300
Repetition of the last word of one clause, that is at the beginning of the following clause (Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate)
What is anadiplosis?
300
an analytical mode of paragraph development that compares any number of items in order to analyze or draw the readers attention to a particular point
what is comparison or contrast?
300
The formal structure of an argument. In other words, the way that claims and reasons are arranged to lead to the conclusion.
What is line of reasoning?
300
A formula for identifying what the Q2 prompt is asking you in the form of a 3 letter acronym.
what is T.A.G (Title, Author, Genre)
300
The term used for anyone who takes this course coined by two former students.
What is an AP Lang scholar?
400
Asserting a point that has just been made. Sometimes called “begging the question.” Example: She is ignorant because she was never educated. Or: We sin because we’re sinners.
What is circular reasoning
400
asserts that specific courses of action should be instituted as solutions to problems. for example "Landlords should not be allowed to raise the rent more than 2% per year. "
What is claim of policy
400
a device that refers to the repetition of a word or short phrase at the end of consecutive clauses or sentences. Take this Abraham Lincoln quote, for example: “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
what is epistrophe?
400
an analytical mode of paragraph development that divides information into two main sections, one that describes a problem and one that describes a solution
what is problem-solution?
400
The formula for evidence that we used for Q3 that contributes to a strong line of reasoning?
What is S (cubed)?
Subject, Society, Self
400
a type of argument in which the author identifies the goals and issues of different sides of a topic then attempts to identify commonalities that can be used to help both sides reach an agreement.
what is rogerian argument?
400
The name of the couple from the Highschool synthesis prompt.
Who is Marc & Carly?
500
The mistake of assuming that, because event a is followed by event b, event a caused event b. Example: It rained today because I washed my car. Or: The stock market fell because the Japanese are considering implementing an import tax.
What is post hoc, ergo propter hoc
500
asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist and is based on facts or data that the audience will accept as being objectively verifiable. For example "Divorce is causing increased juvenile crime,"
What is claim of fact
500
the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words in such a way that it applies to each in a different sense or makes sense with only one (as in "opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy")
what is zeugma?
500
an analytical mode of paragraph development that attempts to show how events are influenced by or caused by others--the linkage of causation.
what is cause and effect?
500
The acronym for analyzing visuals for Rhetorical Analysis
What is SCAMS? (Subject, Caption, Message, Symbols)
500
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath considered the father of Rhetoric.
Who is Aristotle?
500
The full name of the defendant from the "Your Own BackYard" True Crime Synthesis Unit.
Who is Paul Flores?