Logical Fallacies
Appeals & Claims
Rhetorical Terms
Rhetorical Terms 2
General
100
Arguing against the man instead of against the issue. Example: We can’t elect him mayor. He cheats on his wife! Or: He doesn’t really believe in the First Amendment. He just wants to defend his right to hold racist views.
What is ad hominem
100

A proposal that relies heavily on strong emotional reactions.

What is appeal to emotion (pathos)

100

A brief story or tale told by a character in a piece of literature

What is an anecdote

100

What is the author's attitude toward his subject often referred to in literature?

What is tone

100
Also called a proposition – answers the question “What are you trying to prove?
What is a claim?
200
The conclusion does not follow logically from the premise. Example: My teacher is pretty; I’ll learn a lot from her. Or: John McCain was a war hero; he’ll be willing to stand tough for America.
What is non sequitur
200

an argument that focuses heavily on expert opinions, statistics, and factual evidence.

What is appeal to authority (ethos)

200

A figure of speech which makes brief, even casual reference to a historical or literary figure, event, or object to create a resonance in the reader or to apply a symbolic meaning to the character or object of which the allusion consists.

What is an allusion

200

What is the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience called?

What is attitude

200

What should each body paragraph of a rhetorical analysis and argument contain?

What is ICE. Introduce a claim, cite evidence, explain with commentary 

300
A generalization based on too little evidence, or on evidence that is biased. Example: All men are testosterone-driven idiots. Or: After being in New York for a week, I can tell you: all New Yorkers are rude.
What is hasty generalization
300

arguments that promise to protect our values (success, freedom, equality, courage, etc.)

What is appeal to values (ethos)

300

An author's choice of words to convey a tone or effect

What is diction

300

Words and devices that bring unity and coherence to a piece of writing

Transition Words

300
Having identical or very similar sentence structure. Example: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
What is parallel structure?
400

A false dilemma, also referred to as false dichotomy or false binary, is an informal fallacy based on a premise that erroneously limits what options are available.

What is either-or fallacy

400

Appeal to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments.

What is logical appeal (logos)

400
A question not answered by the writer because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a conclusionary statement from the facts at hand.
What is a rhetorical question?
400

What is the implied meaning by a word.

What is connotation

400
Compares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.
What is an analogy?
500

The inaccurate assumption that one thing caused another to happen, based solely on the fact that one came before the other.

What is faulty causality fallacy

500

Name the appeal: Mr. Clean stands in a spotless kitchen with a pretty lady wearing a perfectly starched, pristine, white apron. They are holding a magic eraser.

What is ethos

500

What is a conclusion one can draw from the presented details called?

What is an inference. 

500

The dictionary definition of a word; the direct and specific meaning

What is denotation

500

The common approaches writers frequently use to develop and organize the reasoning of their arguments

What is method of development.

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