Logical Fallacies
Appeals & Claims
Rhetorical Terms
Rhet. Terms 2
Test specs
100

Arguing "against the man" instead of against the issue. Example: We can’t elect him mayor. He cheats on his wife! Or: He doesn’t really believe in the First Amendment. He just wants to defend his right to hold racist views.

What is ad hominem

100

Rhetoric that primarily attempts to evoke strong empotional reactions...

What is appeal to pathos

100
Substitution of an agreeable or at least non-offensive expression for one whose plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasant.
What is a euphemism?
100

A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification

What is analogy?

100

With 45 multiple choice questions and 60 minutes, this is the amount of time you have to spend per question.

What is 1.33 minutes?

200
The conclusion does not follow logically from the premise. Example: My teacher is pretty; I’ll learn a lot from her. Or: John McCain was a war hero; he’ll be willing to stand tough for America.
What is non sequitur
200

An argument that centers around the use of hard data (facts, statistics, etc.). 

What is appeal to logos

200

A seemingly false or contradictory statement that, upon close examination, reveals a deeper truth.

What is a paradox?

200

Within an argument, acknowledging that the opposing argument has some validity

What is concession?

200

This essay type requires that you include direct quotes from the text, not just paraphrase

What is rhetorical analysis?

300
A generalization based on too little evidence, or on evidence that is biased. Example: All men are testosterone-driven idiots. Or: After being in New York for a week, I can tell you: all New Yorkers are rude.
What is hasty generalization
300

An argument that centers around the credibility of the speaker and/or references expert opinions

What is appeal to ethos

300

The placement of contrasting elements close together to emphasize their differences or create a specific emotional or thematic impact

What is a juxtaposition?

300

The act of disproving or countering an opposing argument or claim

What is refutation?

300

The three essay types, in the order they appear.

What is synthesis, rhetorical analysis, and argument?

400

Claiming that one small choice will lead to a cascade of increasingly bad choices. I.E. Don't drop that A.P. class! Before you know it, your high school schedule will lack rigor, you'll get bored and stop caring about school, and you'll end up dropping out entirely...

What is slippery slope

400

asserts that specific courses of action should be instituted as solutions to problems

What is claim of policy

400

The constructed role or public "mask" that a speaker takes on and performs within a text.

What is persona?

400

The urgent need or demand that causes the speaker to speak or the writer to write

What is exigence?

400

The phrase you can use to identify when you are looking at a writing-based passage on the multiple choice section.

What is "this passage is a draft"?

500

The mistake of assuming that, because event a is followed by event b, event a caused event b. Example: It rained today because I washed my car. Or: The stock market fell because Japan is considering implementing an import tax.

What is faulty causality

500
asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist and is based on facts or data that the audience will accept as being objectively verifiable
What is claim of fact
500
This text-linking literary device involves making an implied or indirect reference. Puts the text in a new context in which is assumes new meanings and denotations.

What is an allusion?

500
Intentional exaggeration

What is hyperbole?

500

The total time of the AP Language and Composition test.

What is 3 hours and 15 minutes?

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