Ethnic Studies
Participants must be told enough about a study to decide whether to participate.
What is informed consent
Combining results from many studies to find an overall effect.
What is a meta‑analysis
A study uses deception but explains everything afterward.
What is debriefing
A researcher manipulates noise level to test its effect on memory. Identify the research design.
What is an experiment
A psychologist studies one rare case in depth.
Case study
Researchers must protect participants from physical or emotional harm.
What is protection from harm
Meta‑analysis helps identify this across studies.
What are consistent patterns
A psychologist combines 40 studies on sleep and memory.
What is a meta‑analysis
A student remembers a list by grouping items. Identify the memory strategy.
Chunking
A participant is fully informed before participating.
Informed consent
Participants’ personal information must remain private.
What is confidentiality
The best measure of central tendency for a skewed distribution.
What is the median
The most frequently occurring score.
What is the mode
A person believes they predicted an outcome after it happened.
Hindsight bias
A researcher wants to determine causation. What design must they use?
Experiment
Participants must be told the true purpose of the study afterward.
What is debriefing
A result unlikely to occur by chance.
What is statistical significance
A psychologist measures stress and sleep hours without manipulation. Identify the method.
What is a correlational study
Reinforcement that increases behavior.
operant conditioning
A researcher unintentionally influences results.
Experimenter bia
Ethical rule allowing deception only when necessary and not harmful.
What is justified deception
A researcher averages test scores to summarize performance.
What is calculating the mean
Explain how random assignment increases internal validity.
It reduces pre‑existing differences/bias between groups (random assignment)
Explain how a variable affects another variable.
Cause‑effect reasoning
A graph shows a strong upward trend between hours studied and test scores. Identify the correlation.
Positive correlation