Printing
This invention increased literacy throughout Europe by vastly improving the efficiency of typing.
What is the Printing Press?
This term describes power that is held in a small group, rather than spread among many people.
This king and queen of Spain united Aragon and Castille to consolidate power.
Who are King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
This political theory, coined by Hugo Grotius, states that all humans are born with certain innate rights, and that leaders should govern ethically and rationally.
This Renaissance philosophy focused on human beings and individualism, rather than religious inquiries.
What is Humanism?
This German printer developed an innovative printing press.
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
This king of England broke with the Catholic Church by creating the Church of England.
Who is Henry VIII?
This English law court was used by Henry VII to limit the power of the nobility, helping him centralize power.
What is the Star Chamber?
This Italian family in Florence gained power by serving as patrons to art and by running financial institutions, like banks.
What is the Medici family?
This group of humanists called for religious reform and began reading the Bible and Greek and Hebrew.
Who are Christian Humanists?
This term means the everyday language of a region, typically in contrast to Latin.
What is vernacular?
This queen of England restored Anglicanism to England, but did so in a more moderate fashion, sometimes called the Anglican Compromise.
Who is Elizabeth I?
This legal act passed by King Henry IV of France promoted French unity by granting Protestants new rights.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
What are nobles of the robe?
This painting technique, developed during the Italian Renaissance, created the appearance of space in two-dimensional images.
What is geometric perspective?
This German monk made use of the printing press to spread his call for religious reforms in the Catholic church.
Who is Martin Luther?
This legal act declared that the king (or queen) of England would serve as the head of the new Anglican Church.
What is the Act of Supremacy?
This settlement allowed individual rulers of city-states the option of practicing Catholicism or Protestant Lutheranism.
This term describes French nobles who held power because of their status as military leaders.
What are nobles of the sword?
This Dutch Christian Humanist called for people to read the Bible themselves, rather than to rely of clergy members, who he saw as unknowledgeable.
Who was Erasmus?
This Venetian printer produced lots of Greek and Latin texts, influencing scholarship throughout the 15th and 16th centuries.
Who is Aldus Manutius the Elder?
This queen, married to King Philip II of Spain, wanted to restore Catholicism to England.
Who is Mary Tutor, or "Bloody Mary"?
This is the term for Spanish Jews who converted to Christianity under the Spanish Inquisition.
What are conversos?
This political theory states that rules should be willing to use cunning and deceit to keep themselves in power, thereby providing security and stability.
What is Machiavellianism?
This Italian poet was one of the earliest Humanists; he translated Cicero and wrote in the vernacular Italian, rather than Latin.
Who was Petrarch?