People
a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
Vladimir Lenin
invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison; its use would rise the following year.
phonograph
concludes the Crimean War
Treaty of Paris
around 10 million square miles of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire.
Britain's “imperial century,”
A tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values.
Materialism
a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism.
Auguste Comte
patented in 1868 (US 79,265 ) by Christopher Latham Sholes, Carlos Glidden, and Samuel W. Soule
Typewriter
An alliance between Germany and Russia
Reinsurance Treaty
1871 to 1914
Age of Imperialism
artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
Romanticism
German mathematician and physicist who revolutionized physics with his theory of relativity. His work is a pillar of modern physics and helped scientists understand how the universe works.
Albert Einstein
Alexander Graham Bell won the first U.S. patent for the device in 1876.
Telephone
1884–1885 Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa
Berlin Conference
Start date: 1885
End date: 1914
“Scramble for Africa”
The view that "everything is physical", that there is "nothing over and above"
Physicalism
assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century
Victor Emmanuel II
term made famous in the fifth edition (published in 1869) of On the Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin, which suggested that organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing.
“Survival of the Fittest”
series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire.
Revolutions of 1848
Dates: Jun 20, 1837 – Jan 22, 1901
Victorian Era
early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience.
Modernism
an English naturalist and geologist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Charles Darwin
mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.
Natural Selection
established by Charles X in an attempt to make his people happy; restricted the freedom of the press; dissolved the Chamber of Deputies; only allowed wealthy people to be part of the franchise
Four Ordinances
the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force.
The period of relative peace in Europe
the attempt to represent subject-matter truthfully, without artificiality, exaggeration, or speculative and supernatural elements
Realism