People
The German who invented the printing press with movable type.
What is Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)?
The system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document usually on the medium of paper.
What is the movable type printing press?
This married couple of Spain were able to subdue their realms, secure their borders, venture abroad militarily, and Christianize the whole of Spain.
What is Isabella and Ferdinand?
Northern humanism in England and Germany, helped prepare the way for this reformation.
What is the English Reformation?
These peoples vision was no longer merely local or regional and were made up of royal ministers and agents.
What is civil servants?
He was married to Isabella of Castile, conquered the Kingdom of Navarre, and Christianized all of Spain.
What is Ferdinand of Aragon (r. 1479-1516)?
The direct tax on the French peasantry.
What is the taille?
Conquests in Italy and losses to the Habsburgs in the 15th and 16th centuries were the problems that left this nation broken.
What is France?
What nation was entered the service of the Catholic Church instead of preparing the way for protestant reforms.
What is Spain?
Rulers borrowed money from the great bankers of Italy and Germany as well as these people.
What is rich nobles?
The best known English humanist and author of Utopia, a conservative criticism of contemporary society.
What is Thomas More (1478-1535)?
The conversion of Jews and Muslims to Christianism in the 1400's and 1500's.
What is the Inquisition?
This ruling family became victories in the War of the Roses.
What is the Tudor family?
What is the Reuchlin affair?
Rulers employed these types of people to staff royal offices and to become the kings lawyers, book keepers, military tacticians, and foreign diplomats.
The most famous northern humanist and an educational and religious reformer.
"_______ laid the egg that Luther hatched"
What is Erasmus (1466-1536)?
The agreement in 1356 to establish a seven-member electoral college of German princes to choose the Holy Roman Emperor.
What is the Golden Bull
He ruled over a United Spain and because of his inheritance and election as emperor in 1519, his empire almost equaled in size that of Charlemagne.
What is Charles I?
This region of humanists tended to come from more diverse social backgrounds and to be more devoted to religious reforms.
What is Northern humanists?
This became the backbone of royal armies instead of noble calvalry.
What is the infantry and artillery?
He married Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York, ending the War of the Roses and beginning the Tudor dynasty.
What is Henry VII (r. 1485-1509)?
Henry VII's was able to govern without dependence on this body of government for royal funds.
What is Parliament?
Powers were now concentrated into this instead of semiautonomous vassals.
What is the monarch?