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100
Galileo
condemned by the inquisition, found guilty of heresy for publicly advocating for the heliocentric system, wrote The Starry Messenger
100
Johann Kepler:
provided mathematical formulas supporting Copernican theory, demonstrated that planets have elliptical orbits
100
Rene Descartes:
articulated the theory of the scientific method, championed deductive reasoning, stressed separation between mind and matter, wrote Discourse on Method
100
Francis Bacon:
articulated the theory of the scientific method, sought use science for human improvement, championed inductive reasoning
100
Copernicus:
“on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres” explained the heliocentric theory
200
Isaac Newton:
viewed the universe as a vast machine controlled by laws of gravity and inertia, proved that planets obey the same laws as to objects on earth, major work = principia
200
Benedict Spinoza:
believed women were naturally inferior to men
200
Tycho Brahe:
made accurate observations about planets
200
Paracelsus:
revolutionized the world of medicine by advocating for chemical philosophy of medicine
200
Vesalius:
wrote “on the fabric of the human body”
300
William Harvey:
wrote “on the motion of the heart and blood”, refuted the idea that the liver was the beginning point of circulation
300
Margaret Cavendish:
illustrated the role of women in the scientific revolution
300
Blaise Pascal:
wrote Pensees, attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions, said that humans could not understand infinity (only god could)
300
Causes of the Scientific Revolution:
rise of universities, navigational developments, the renaissance
300
scientific societies (French Academy, English Royal Society):
established first scientific journals, French Academy differed from English Royal Society in their views of government support/control
400
Patronage of science:
patronage of the sciences became an international phenomenon adopted by royals
400
Organized religion in 17th century & relationship w/ science:
rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world, causes of reconciliation between science and religion (include the bible and nature share the same creator, science is part of god’s divine plan, god placed humans in the world to better understand it)
400
Women and the Scientific Revolution (role of and effect on):
role = participated in scientific debates, effect on = generated facts about differences between men and women that were used to prove male dominance
400
Clerics reaction to Copernicus's theories:
immediate condemnation
500
Areas of greatest achievement in 17th century science:
physics, astronomy, mathematics
500
Effect of scientific discoveries in 16th and 17th centuries on scholars beliefs:
the universe is orderly and operates according to fixed rules
500
Deductive & inductive reasoning:
Inductive reasoning = reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion; deductive reasoning= the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion. Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions.
500
Effects (results) of Scientific Revolution:
increased knowledge and curiosity of the world around us
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