New Ways of Thinking
This defining idea of the Renaissance encouraged individuals to strive for their greatest potential, primarily through the study of the Classics
What is humanism?
The idea that logic and reason could lead to improved institutions and society led to this historical movement.
This artistic movement emphasized drama and emotion to win people back to the Catholic Church through their feelings
What is Baroque?
The Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment all have contributed to a society that is more religious, or secular?
What is secular?
In what country did the French Revolution occur?
What is France?
This invention, developed during the Age of Exploration, allowed Galileo to make new discoveries in astronomy, challenge the Catholic Church and... spark the Scientific Revolution
What is a telescope?
Enlightenment ideas were often spread through salons and societies among the upper-classes; lower classes would likely be exposed to them here.
What are coffeehouses?
This monarch declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England*, single-handedly establishing a Protestant Reformation in his own nation
*so he could divorce his wife
Who is Henry VIII?
The Age of Exploration led to the peak of power for this European nation... which reversed into a decline after 1588
What is Spain?
Napoleon's expanding empire established this "ism" from people in conquered areas
What is nationalism?
This Enlightenment philosopher, who hung out with Frederick "the Great," believed "Enlightened absolutism" was the ideal form of government.
Who is Voltaire?
This ruling dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire struggled to re-establish Catholic unity throughout Europe... they failed.
Who are the Habsburgs?
The Scientific Revolution began a trend of challenging accepted wisdom with logic and reason, a system of thought called this "ism."
What is rationalism?
Among European rulers, Napoleon's Empire was seen as a threat to this long-established principal, which conservatives quickly fought to reassert after his downfall
What is balance of power?
How did Renaissance artists create an illusionistic space for their naturalistic, idealized figures?
What is linear perspective?
Natural rights philosophy promoted the idea that both individuals and society can achieve the most progress when _______ is maximized.
During the Reign of Terror, the creation of a new calendar and the establishment of a religion based on reason were part of this policy
What is de-Christianization?
Europe's population trended slowly upward as it recovered from the Black Death, then sharply upward as a result of this revolution.
What is the Agricultural Revolution?
This social group, which became a leader in the liberal Revolution, was well-educated, wealthy, and inspired by the Enlightenment
What is the bourgeoisie?
Of the following, which was NOT influenced by the intellectual and cultural developments of the Renaissance: New Monarchs, Age of Exploration, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment
What is: NONE OF THE ABOVE
This philosopher argued that women were subordinate to men and girls should not receive the same education as boys. He also dumped six kids in orphanages.
Who is Rousseau?
Protestantism introduced this idea, which emphasized that every individual could establish a direct, personal relationship with God through prayer and study of scripture
What is the Priesthood of All Believers?
Between 1450 to 1815, throughout Europe, nobles generally (gained/lost/maintained) power and (gained/lost/maintained) status.
What is lost/maintained?
What type of government did the National Assembly create in the 1791 constitution?