Renaissance
Who painted the School of Athens?
Raphael
Who started the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
What war involved Napoleon’s rise and fall?
Napoleonic Wars
What style of art is associated with emotion and nature?
Romanticism
Who was the “Sun King” of France?
What family ruled Florence and were major patrons of the arts?
Medici Family
What document did Luther post in 1517?
95 theses
What French king was executed during the Revolution?
Louis XVI
What Enlightenment thinker supported separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Who united Italy in the 19th century?
Giuseppe Garibaldi (or Cavour)
What book did Machiavelli write about political power?
BONUS: What did he say about fear and love?
The Prince
"It is better to be feared than loved"
What Catholic council responded to the Reformation?
Council of Trent
What year did the French Revolution begin?
1789
Who was the famous Dutch Baroque artist of The Night Watch?
Rembrandt
Who led the Russian Revolution in 1917?
Vladimir Lenin
Name one key difference between Northern and Italian Renaissance art
Northern was more focused on detail and domestic scenes; Italian emphasized classical themes
What was John Calvin’s belief in predestination?
God already knows who will be saved
What event marked the start of the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille
What movement rejected religion in favor of reason and science?
The Enlightenment
Who wrote The Spirit of the Laws?
Montesquieu
What invention by Gutenberg helped spread Renaissance ideas?
The Printing Press
What war ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?
Thirty Years' War
What war unified Germany in 1871?
Franco-Prussian war
Who was a key feminist Enlightenment writer?
Mary Woolstonecraft
Who was the Habsburg ruler during the 18th-century reforms?
Joseph II