Revolutions & Rebellions
This revolution began in 1789 and led to the end of the Bourbon monarchy and the rise of Napoleon.
What is the French Revolution?
This Enlightenment-inspired philosophy emphasizes individual rights and representative government.
What is liberalism?
This global conflict from 1914 to 1918 began with alliances and nationalism.
What is World War I?
He challenged papal authority by posting the 95 Theses in 1517.
Who is Martin Luther?
This artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel during the High Renaissance.
Who is Michelangelo?
These 1848 revolts challenged conservative governments and ultimately failed to achieve liberal reforms.
What are the Revolutions of 1848?
This ideology supports radical redistribution of wealth and was championed by Marx.
What is socialism (or Marxism)?【
This devastating 17th-century conflict ended with the Peace of Westphalia.
What is the Thirty Years' War?
This Enlightenment thinker advocated for the separation of powers in government.
Who is Montesquieu?
This Enlightenment-era economist wrote The Wealth of Nations and promoted free markets.
Who is Adam Smith?
This event ended with William and Mary accepting the English Bill of Rights.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
This reactionary ideology emerged in response to revolutionary change, promoting tradition and monarchy.
What is conservatism?
This war marked Napoleon's final defeat.
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
This monarch modernized Russia and built a new capital at St. Petersburg.
Who is Peter the Great?
These French institutions spread Enlightenment ideas through social conversation and debate.
What are salons and coffeehouses?
This gathering of European powers in 1814–15 aimed to restore balance of power after Napoleon’s defeat.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
This belief system seeks to eliminate all government and create a society based on voluntary cooperation.
What is anarchism?
This war led to the unification of Germany under Prussia in 1871.
What is the Franco-Prussian War?
He unified southern Italy and is associated with the Red Shirts.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
This movement emphasized reason, progress, and secular government.
What is the Enlightenment?
This 1524-1525 uprising used religious justification but was condemned by Martin Luther.
What is the German Peasants' War?
This cultural movement emphasized emotion over reason and was a response to Enlightenment rationalism.
What is Romanticism?
This mid-18th-century war was the first truly global conflict.
What is the Seven Years' War?
He led France’s radical Jacobin government during the Reign of Terror.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
This musical style, championed by J.S. Bach, was used to glorify monarchy and religion.
What is Baroque?