Ren and Ref
This is what ancient Greek and Roman ideas and culture are referred to as.
What is classical?
This French King was known as the Sun King. He built the palace at Versailles and was a quintessential absolutist.
Who was Louis XIV?
These Parisian bourgeois women were literary agents of the Enlightenment. They would invited authors to read in front of an audience in their houses and then help them publish their work.
Who were salonnières?
This ideology was pioneered by St Simon, Charles Fourier, and Robert Owen. Later on it was a cornerstone for Marxist ideology and also for soviet communism and western European fascism. It posits that the basics of every-day life should be provided to citizens by their government and that in some cases, companies should be owned by their workers.
What is socialism?
Aside from the machine gun, these are TWO other technologies that were used in the trench warfare of WWI.
What are poison gas, barbed wire, tanks, and aerial bombing.
He is considered the "heart" of the Risorgimento. He created the group "Young Italy" and inspired people around Europe to fight for nationalism.
Who was Mazzini?
Renaissance thinkers upheld this idea that people are unique in the animal kingdom and thus deserve to be showcased in art and architecture.
What is humanism?
This concept is the rationality of absolutism. The monarch receives the right-to-rule from God because God chose the soul to go into his/her body.
What is Divine Right of Kings?
"God is a clockmaker" is the way to remember this ideology. It says that God created the world, and then stepped back to let it run on its own. Therefore prayer and religion are not necessary. God doesn't have a say in every-day occurrences. God can't help you get an A on your math test. Voltaire subscribed to this ideology.
What is deism?
This is the peace treaty signed after Napoleon's defeat. European powers reverted back to the map of Europe that was pre-French Revolution and thus restored the ancien regime. Though they forgot about burgeoning feelings of nationalism, their peace lasted until WWI.
What was the Congress of Vienna?
Europeans were excited to go to War in 1914 because they had new technologies that enabled them to triumph in which earlier era?
His "School of Athens" fresco is a quintessential Renaissance painting as it shows classical philosophers and mathematicians communicating with Renaissance thinkers and figures from the scientific and artistic communities. His body is interred in the Pantheon in Rome.
Who was Raphael?
He started a theocratic city-state in Geneva and started his own version of Christianity that served as the basis of anabaptist and puritan sects.
Who was Calvin?
He was put on house arrest because of his drawings of the moon, showing them with craters instead of a perfect celestial sphere. The Catholic Church thought he was a heretic. His name was immortalized in a famous song by Queen.
Who was Galileo?
In the early days of the French Revolution, members of the Third Estate swore to continue meeting until they drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The promise to meet is called this.
What was the Oath of the Tennis Court?
In this year, in the 19th century, revolutions erupted in nearly every country of Europe. Europeans were sick of foreign rule and wanted to have sovereign nations instead of empires. Nearly every revolution in this year failed though, as the Concert of Europe prevailed and put down the revolutionaries.
What is 1848.
This treaty ended WWI, introduced ideas from Wilson's 14 Pts, blamed Germany for the war, and is seen as a cause of WWII.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
In this 19th century war against Russia, western Europeans used same-day communications and could read about the war in real time. Florence Nightingale also set the best-practice of nurses washing their hands.
What was the Crimean War?
The word that means "throwing out the window". This event happened in a major Czech city when local protestants threw the Catholics from the HRE out the window, thus starting the 30 Years War.
What is defenistration (of Prague)?
This scientist was born in a Polish (then Prussian) city and was the first to recognize that the solar system was heliocentric (sun-centered), not geo-centric.
Who was Copernicus?
In the French Revolution the revolutionaries passed this law, separating the Catholic Church from Christianity in France. They formed a church that was aligned with the new French Republic, and severed a centuries long relationship with the papacy in Rome.
What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
This is the idea that a country's citizens have the right to rule themselves, and not be ruled by outsiders. It is a cornerstone of nationalism in the 19th century.
What is self-determination of the peoples?
This famous futurist was known for writing with "freed words", exalting technology and speed, and was beloved by Italian fascists.
Who was Marinetti?
After the Agricultural Revolution, peasants bemoaned the loss of THIS EXAMPLE OF A COMMUNITY CONTROL as they faced urbanization and its accompanying social issues. With THIS PRACTICE of the village embarrassing the husband for being cheated on (because he wasn't "man enough" to keep his wife at home), historians look at this as a rural means to ensure legitimate births and reduce social issues.
What was a charivari?
This treaty ended the 30 Years War, the last religious war in Europe's history. It also established the groundwork for the burgeoning nation-states that would be finally realized in the 19th century.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
His anatomical drawings are hauntingly beautiful. He performed autopsies himself (with an audience at the University of Padua) in the first "autopsy theater". From his work, doctors better understood the inner-workings of the human body.
Who was Andres Vesalius?
Napoleon signed this agreement with the Pope which realigned the Catholic Church with France, and solidified the Roman Catholic Church the official religion of France once again.
What was the Concordat of 1801?
What was the Franco Prussian war?
This is a good, simple definition of existentialism AND the name of at least one existentialist thinker.
What is the idea that humans create meaning in their lives? Thinkers include Sartre, deBeauvoir, Camus, Kierkegaard, and Heidegger.
Bismarck had THIS POLITICAL IDEOLOGY. It espoused that governments should be practical rather than moral or ideological. Get things done for the greater good. Additionally, THIS RENAISSANCE THINKER had a similar idea, "it's better to be feared than loved."
What is Realpolitik? Who was Machiavelli?