UNIT 1
Renaissance
rebirth/revival
Religious Pluralism
idea that there are multiple branches within a religion; Catholic church is being questioned
Balance of Power
keeping Europe from being dominated by one country
Scientific Revolution
disproved other traditional assumptions, scientists that discovered these false assumptions were not liked by the church as their ideas went against the Bible
French Revolution Causes
aristocratic privilege, absolutism, enlightenment, estates-general, Cahiers de doleances, bread shortages/crop failures
Humanism
new philosophy based on “free-will” and “individualism”; types include: men of letters, civic humanists, and Christian humanists
95 theses
written by Martin Luther; wrote about ‘grievances’ from the church (included: indulgences, uneducated priests, nepotism, absenteeism)
Mercantilism
favorable balance of trade to mother country as exploits the colonized country
Enlightenment
philosophers want to reform society; divine right monarchies (secularism); mercantilism (capitalism); state religion (tolerance); female roles (feminist movement)
Romanticism
rejected of logic/reasoning and a transition into emotions and feelings
Printing Press
ideas begin to spread because texts are being translated into vernacular languages
Act of Supremacy
England leaves the church to create the Anglican church by Henry VIII; monarch is the head of religion
English Civil War
parliament is unhappy with the rule of Charles I; leads to English Civil War and then Stuarts are restored which leads to a constitutional monarchy after William and Mary sign the English Bill of Rights called the Glorious Revolution
Agricultural Revolution Cause
caused by rapid population growth
Seven Years’ War
warfare between Britain and France that led to British dominance
Spanish Inquisition
forced conversion of Catholicism by new leaders, Ferdinand and Isabella; Muslims are executed
Thirty Years’ War
state exploited religious conflicts to gain political abilities
Commercial Revolution
money is being used, finance and insurance and investment; no more ‘bartering’
Enlightenment Thought
empiricism, skepticism, human reason, rationalism, and source of knowledge
Haitian Revolution
colony made up of plantations; owned by France; revolt was inspired by Enlightenment ideals