Renaissance
This 14th-century Florentine is considered the "father" of Humanism in Renaissance Italy.
Who is Petrarch
European states sought direct access to gold spices and luxury goods as a means to enhance personal wealth and state power. This is an example of what three motives for exploration.
God, Glory, Gold
Martin Luther's initial protest was largely due to the Catholic Church's practice of selling these tickets out of purgatory.
Indulgences
Following what treaty was religion no longer a cause for warfare among European states.
Peace of Westphalia
One of the original Renaissance men, this artist, sculptor, and architect is responsible for, among other things, the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the sculpture Pieta.
Michelangelo
What invention led the Catholic Church to shift educational focus away from theology and towards the study of classical texts?
Printing Press
The rise of what economic theory gave the state a new role in promoting commercial development and the acquisition of colonies overseas.
Mercantilism
The catholic reformation exemplified by what group revived the church but cemented division within Christianity.
Jesuits or Council of Trent
The Schmalkaldic Wars were a series of religious wars fought in Germany between Protestant rebels and which Habsburg king?
Charles V
This term refers to the flow of resources and goods between the New World and Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries.
What is the Columbian Exchange
The Printing Press encouraged the growth of texts written in what?
The Vernacular
Initial exploration and colonization led to which nation gaining huge territorial holdings in the Americas and great riches as a result?
Spain
What type of humanism embodied in the writings of Erasmus employed renaissance learning in the service of religious reform?
Christian humanism
Much of the conflict in France (the Huguenots) and Britain (the Puritans) was related to toleration of this group of extremist Protestants.
Who are the Calvinists
This system led to the eradication of the commons and the buying up and division of of much of the agricultural land in Europe?
Enclosure
This Renaissance philosopher wrote extensively about politics and even gave a name to an adjective that describes someone who schemes to gain power or influence.
Who is Machiavelli
This company, the first modern-style corporation, had a near monopoly on politics and economics in Southeast Asia, leading to staggering economic growth in the Netherlands.
What is the Dutch East India Company?
The efforts of what ruling family failed to restore catholic unity across Europe.
Hapsburgs
The War of the Three Henrys led to religious toleration of Protestants in France with which royal decree?
What is the Edict of Nantes?
This system of proto-industrialization consisted of merchants paying individual artisans to create goods in their own homes
Cottage industry or the putting-out system
What Florence-based banking family financed much of the art of the Renaissance in Italy?
Who is the Medici?
What country established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia, and in South America?
Portuguese
What is Henry VIII's law that initiated religious reform from the top down to consolidate control over religious and moral life?
Act of Supremacy
The Third Phase of the Thirty Years War featured this Swedish king, who was attempting to curb the power of the Habsburg family in Europe through his invasion of Germany
Gustavus Adolphus
The edict issued by the Pope in 1494 divided the world between Spain and Portugal by drawing a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Treaty of Tordesillas