Unit 1
Who wrote The Prince?
Machiavelli
What did Luther interpret salvation is based from?
Faith alone
What government system did the Dutch Republic have?
Oligarchy. Ruled by wealthy merchants
What were city conditions like in the Industrial Revolution?
Dirty, overcrowded, gross, unsafe working conditions
What would the American Revolution do to France financially?
France in a financial crisis. Wars are expensive.
Who did Humanists get inspiration from?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
Gave French Protestants (Huguenots) rights
Why did Spain's power start to decline?
Empire extended beyond its resources
What would the "invisible hand" do to selfish interests according to Adam Smith?
Balance them
What did the Napoleonic Code do? Name 2 things.
Simplified France's code of law. Took away women's rights. Limited personal liberties. High schools created
What provided legality for Luthernism? What made it legal and legitimate?
Peace of Augsburg
What was the Catholic church selling that angered Martin Luther into writing the 95 Theses?
Indulgences
How was Russia able to extend territory into Europe?
Partition of Poland
Galileo was found guilty of heresy for believing in what?
Heliocentric system
What kind of sentiments did the Napoleonic Wars spark in Spain and Germany?
Nationalist
Northern and Italian Humanists both focused on classical sources. What other sources did Northern Humanists focus on?
Christian sources
What was the name of the Peace that recognized Calvinism as an official religion after the 30 Years War?
Peace of Westphalia
The English Bill of Rights was a response to what event?
James II trying to dominate Parliament. The English Civil War. The Glorious Revolution
What 2 views did Voltaire celebrate?
Empiricism
Religious toleration
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Return balance of power
What was the fencing of common land for private use?
Enclosure
What was the name of the Catholic group that met during the Catholic Reformation to reform the Church?
Council of Trent
What was the result of wars like the War of the Spanish Succession and Treaty of Utrecht? What did it prevent France from doing?
Upsetting balance of power
Which Greek philosopher did the Scientific Revolution challenge?
Aristotle
What movement was a reaction to the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution?
Romantic/Romanticism