Before ML
This London lawyer wrote, "Utopia," outlining what he believed to be the idealistic society
Who is Thomas More?
The second daughter of Henry VIII, who led England to a stunning victory over the Spanish armada and launched the Golden Age of English history.
Who is Elizabeth I?
This radical Reformation group believed that adults should be baptized rather than infants and a return to literal practices of the early Christian church.
Who are the Anabaptists?
This event marked the "turning point" in the history of the Reformation, acknowledging the division of Christianity and granting equal legal standing to Lutherans.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
Known as the Society of Jesus, this group became the chief instrument of the Catholic Reformation.
Who are the Jesuits?
Set the stage for religious humanism through his "philosophy of Christ."
Who is Erasmus?
The Act of _____________ designated the monarch in England as "the only supreme governor of this realm."
What is Supremacy?
Believers in "predestination," this Protestant group was centered in Geneva and became one of the international forms of Protestantism.
What is Calvinism?
This is the name of the Spanish dynasty, which happened to control the HRE as well for a majority of its existence.
What is the Habsburg dynasty?
This event was a general council of Christendom, called together to resolve the religious differences of Protestant revolt.
What is the Council of Trent?
This Oxford theologian was one of the first to attack papal authority in England with the Lollardy, setting the stage for Luther years later.
Who is John Wyclif?
This Protestant religious group, emerging from the Anglican church, wanted to remove any trace of Catholicism from the Church of England.
What are the Puritans?
A product of Swiss cantons, this Reformer preached the Gospel and caused such a stir that a city council held a debate over it, ultimately leading to the Reformer's victory.
Who is Ulrich Zwingli?
This man was the chief rival of Charles V.
Who is Francis I of France?
Although it was certain that Ferdinand II would end up on the throne, since he was personally chosen by the previous King, that didn’t stop Protestant opposition.the supporters of Frederick V were so upset, they threw some of Ferdinand II’s Catholic representatives out of a 69 feet high window! (Miraculously, the representatives lived, after landing in a pile of horse manure. This event sparked Europe’s bloodiest religious war, the Thirty Years’ War.
Defenestration of Prague
This Renaissance pope was mostly involved in war and politics, named the "warrior-pope" because he personally led armies against his enemies.
Who is Julius II?
The second wife of Henry VIII, she met her unfortunate end at the executioner's blade when she couldn't produce a male heir and was accused of having an affair with her brother.
Who is Anne Boleyn?
an infamous indulgence seller, said, “As soon as the coin in coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”
Johann Tetzel
A defensive alliance of Lutheran princes and imperial cities vowing to "assist each other" against the forces of Catholicism and Charles V.
What is the Schmalkaldic League?
there, he (Martin Luther) was given the opportunity to recant his now-deemed-heretical works, and he refused. “Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen.”
Diet of Worms
This Renaissance pope was a member of the Borgia family, raising two sons, a daughter and having a mistress in the Vatican during his papacy.
Who is Alexander VI?
This wife of Henry VIII, who died in childbirth, gave Henry his only legitimate male heir to the throne.
Who is Jane Seymour?
means only faith in Latin. It refers to the belief that faith in Jesus Christ is the sole requirement for salvation
Sola Fide
This was the name of the Ottoman leader who defeated Christians and took control of most of North Africa, moving into Austria and as far as Hungary.
Who is Suleiman the Magnificent?
This was the turning point in the conflict between the Huguenots and the ultra-Catholics who formed the "Holy League," following the events of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
What is The War of the Three Henries?