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BEFORE & AND AFTER
16TH CENTURY ART AND SOCIETY
POLITICS AND POWER
100
John Calvin’s doctrine emphasized this idea that God has already determined who will be saved(part of the “elect”)
predestination
100
This treaty, signed in 1648, officially ended the Thirty Years' War and marked a victory for religious pluralism.
Peace of Westphalia
100
A machine that spread ideas far & wide.
Now literacy was no longer denied.
Created by Gutenberg to change the game.
It spread Reformation–its claim to fame.
PRINTING PRESS
100
In poker: 2 of the same card & 3 of another card or a sitcom featuring the olsen twins + the part of parliament comprised of the upper class
Full house of lords
100
This artistic style that followed the Renaissance, associated with
El Greco & others, was characterized by exaggerated motion and emotion.
MANNERISM
100
This 1598 decree granted French Huguenots religious tolerance as henry IV declared that Paris was worth a mass.
EDICT OF NANTES
200
The sale of these, which supposedly reduced time in purgatory, was a key reason for Luther’s protest.
indulgences
200
During this 1572 event in France, Catherine de' Medici ordered thousands of Huguenots in town for a wedding to be killed.
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
200
An Unmarried ruler with a heart so bold,
whose reign brought England to power untold.
faced the Armada with courage and might,
A lion’s heart in the face of the fight.
QUEEN ELIZABETH I
200
a teenager-led organization within schools that represents their peers + a series of meetings by the Catholic Church to address issues raised by the Reformation, reform church practices, and clarify Catholic doctrine
Student Council of Trent
200
This monumental Baroque palace in France was a symbol of absolute power.
VERSAILLES
200
This 1534 English law declared the monarch the supreme head of the Church of England, officially breaking ties with the Catholic Church.
ACT OF SUPREMACY
300
This 1521 event forced Luther to stand trial for his beliefs before Charles V.
Diet of Worms
300
This Spanish King launched the failed Armada against England in 1588
Phillip II
300
In Zurich, this man broke with Rome.
Denied the Eucharist as Christ’s own.
He led reforms with Scripture’s guide,
And fought in religious wars where he died.
ZWINGLI
300
A fancy-sounding way to excuse your swearing that sounds like a presidential power + the final part of the thirty years war
Pardon my French Phase
300
No clowns here, but this popular festival (celebrated before Lent) was a time of feasting, gender role reversal, and excess. it was criticized by many Protestant reformers for its perceived immorality.
CARNIVAL
300
This English monarch briefly restored Catholicism in England before being succeeded by her Protestant half-sister.
MARY I (MARY TUDOR)
400
This radical Protestant group believed in adult baptism and separation from secular authorities.
Anabaptists
400
Rebels from here deliberately flooded their own country against the Spanish by breaching dikes and seawalls to create strategic inundations. This tactic, used as a defensive measure, hindered the movement of the Spanish army and relieved besieged cities like Leiden in 1574
Netherlands (Dutch Rebels)
400
this preacher sold indulgences with flair.
He promised salvation, an offer quite rare.
Martin Luther thought it funny
That the church should trade salvation for money.
JOHANN TETZEL
400
a fragmented and decentralized collection of German-speaking states + second film in the Star Wars saga, released in 1980.
Holy Roman Empire Strikes Back
400
(1598-1680), the most famous Italian Baroque architect and sculptor, transformed Rome’s cityscape. An example of their work is the 100-foot-high gilded bronze Baldacchino in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, which marks the tomb of St. Peter and serves as the papal altar.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
400
This term refers to political leaders who prioritized national stability over religious conflict during the Wars of Religion, often advocating for compromise between Catholics and Protestants.
politiques
500
This Spanish founder of the Jesuits led a movement to strengthen Catholic education and missionary work.
Ignatius of Loyola
500
This Swedish king intervened in the Thirty Years’ War to support Protestant forces.
Gustavus Adolphus
500
In 1524, the lowly took a stand,
Against nobles’ power & they demanded land.
they thought Luther was on their side,
But they were crushed, and many died.
GERMAN PEASANTS WAR / REVOLT
500
A measure of how hot it feels outside when relative humidity is factored in with the actual air temperature + established by the Catholic Church in 1559, this was a list of publications deemed heretical or dangerous
Heat Index of Prohibited (or forbidden) Books
500
(1593- 1653), a follower of Caravaggio, became the first widely known female painter of the era.
Below is an example of her work , Salome with the Head of Saint John the Baptist, c. 1610-1615
Artemisia Gentileschi
500
A SERIES OF WARS FOUGHT BETWEEN THE HAPSBURGS AND THIS DYNASTY OVER CONTROL OF ITALY WERE A KEY ASPECT OF EUROPEAN POWER STRUGGLES IN THE 16TH CENTURY
VALOIS