Wars & Revolutions
This 17th-century conflict was fought between Royalists and Parliamentarians.
What is the English Civil War?
A form of government where a monarch’s powers are limited by laws.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
This economic policy sought to build national wealth through strict trade control and colonization.
What is mercantilism?
This crop played a major role in alleviating famines in Europe.
What is the potato?
He centralized power in Sweden, making it one of the most modern administrations in Europe and a significant military power.
Who is Gustavus Adolphus?
Three partitions (1772, 1793, 1795) erased this country from the map until the 20th century.
What is Poland?
This 1689 document limited the power of the English monarchy and affirmed Parliament's authority.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
This farming technique involved alternating crops to keep soil fertile.
What is crop rotation?
This term refers to the wealthy middle class who gained power in cities during the Dutch Golden Age.
Who are the urban gentry?
She is known as an "enlightened despot" for her absolutist rule influenced by philosophers and expanded Russia's territory by more than 200,000 square miles.
Who is Catherine the Great?
The 1688 replacement of James II with William and Mary is known as this "peaceful" revolution.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
A form of government where power is shared by a small group selected from privileged classes.
What is oligarchy?
The triangular trade included this brutal leg transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
These powerful, wealthy nobles vied for the favor of King Louis XIV in his Palace of Versailles.
What are courtiers?
This minister to King Louis XIII stripped provincial officials of power and reorganized France into districts overseen by royally appointed intendants.
Who is Cardinal Richelieu?
This French uprising against royal power took place during Louis XIV’s childhood.
What is the Fronde?
This English monarch believed strongly in the divine right of kings and was executed in 1649.
Who is Charles I?
This system involved rural workers producing goods for merchants in their homes.
What is the putting-out system or cottage industry?
This term refers to independent farmers in England, ranking above peasants but below the landed gentry in the social order.
What is a yeoman farmer?
This archduchess was a member of the Austrian Habsburgs and inherited a weak empire from her father, leading to conflict with neighboring Prussia.
Who is Maria Theresa?
This war, which ended with the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, shifted the balance of power established after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
What is the War of Spanish Succession?
This was the name of Peter the Great's entourage while touring Europe in 1697, composed of about 250 boyars.
The Bank of England and the rise of these allowed for safer, larger-scale business investments.
What are limited-liability corporations?
This style painting, which depicts scenes of everyday life, was common during the Dutch Golden Age.
What is genre painting?
This Prussian ruler, known for military discipline, centralized power to build an absolute state
Who is Frederick William I?