Causes of Industrialization
This country began the Industrial Revolution
GB
This term describes workers whose labor became a commodity
proletarianization
This act expanded voting rights to the middle class
Great Reform Act of 1832
This 1884 meeting divided Africa among European powers.
Berlin Conference
This scientist developed the theory of natural selection.
CD
This development forced many peasants off common land and into cities
Enclosure Movement
This law limited child labor and required factory education
Factory Act of 1833
This British queen reigned from 1837–1901
Victoria
This book justified imperialism through “survival of the fittest.”
The Descent of Man
This philosophy promoted “the greatest good for the greatest number.”
Utilitarianism
Explain one reason Britain had the resources necessary to industrialize first.
Coal deposits, navigable rivers, colonies, stable government, capital investment.
Describe ALL major problem faced by the working class in industrial cities
Overcrowding, disease, low wages, long hours, unsafe conditions
What was “Home Rule” in Ireland?
Movement pushing for Irish control of politics and social structure of their country.
Identify one economic motive behind New Imperialism
Need for raw materials, new markets, and investment outlets.
This political ideology called for the abolition of private property and class struggle
Marxisim
How did the Agricultural Revolution help cause industrialization? Name them in the sequence of events
Increased food supply → population growth → labor supply → demand for goods
Explain why Chartism ultimately failed.
Divided movement, economic recovery, parliamentary rejection
Compare the reform approaches of British PM's Gladstone and Disraeli.
Gladstone = Liberal reforms (education, secret ballot).
Disraeli = Conservative reforms (public health, housing).
Identify and explain how the Sepoy Mutiny altered the dynamic and power structure of control of India.
Ended East India Company rule → British Raj established.
Explain how Social Darwinism differed from Darwin’s original scientific theory.
Darwin = biological evolution; Social Darwinism = misapplied racial/political ideology
In 1764 James Watt improved the steam engine, dramatically increasing efficiency by adding a separate __________
Condenser to trap more steam
Evaluate the extent to which industrialization improved working-class living standards by 1900
Early misery vs later sanitation, wage growth, unions, and reform laws.
Identify and explain the Education Act of 1833 in GB and the PM who passed it.
passed under Gladstone, established state-funded elementary education in Britain rather than relying solely on church schools.
This African territory was privately controlled by King Leopold II. What is the name of this territory today
DRC
This British philosopher promoted Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer