Indoctrination
The Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation.
What is the Catholic Reformation/Counter-Reformation?
This Portuguese explorer led the first journey to circumnavigate the globe (1519-22). He died in a skirmish in the Philippines, and his crew finished the journey.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
Throughout the 1500s, these two countries fought over Italy.
What are France and Spain?
This new toy for empire allowed sailors to check the direction in any weather.
What is the magnetic compass?
This remarkable Greek-born painter, sculptor, and architect (1541-1614) of the Spanish Renaissance often combined elements of Byzantine tradition with Mannerism. His best works include View of Toledo (c. 1599) and The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1586).
Who is El Greco?
This group became a teaching order and worked worldwide as Catholic missionaries, especially where Lutheranism was popular. They were the greatest Catholic Reformation success and particularly successful in Poland.
What is the Society of Jesus/Jesuits?
The first European to reach India by sea (1498). He helped the Portuguese establish control of India's western coast and its lucrative spice trade.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
Horrified by the foreign domination of Italy, this Florentine diplomat wrote The Prince in 1513. He thought only a strong, ruthless leader could unify Italy and expel foreigners.
Who is Niccolò Machiavelli?
This new map for sailors standardized all courses of bearing as straight segments.
What is the Mercator projection?
This series of civil wars (1455-1485) in England determined which aristocratic faction, York or Lancaster, would dominate the monarchy. (Lancaster triumphed)
What are the Wars of the Roses?
This Spanish noble (1491-1556) was wounded in battle, spent his recuperation time reading Catholic tracts, and founded one of the most influential groups of Catholic missionaries.
Who is Ignatius Loyola?
The first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope (1487). His discoveries effectively established the sea route between Europe and Asia.
Who is Bartholomew Dias?
This treaty in 1454 provided a balance of power among major Italian city-states. This Milan-Naples-Florence alliance would last until 1490.
What is the Treaty of Lodi?
This device measured the angle between an object in the sky and the horizon, allowing sailors to determine latitude and longitude.
This monarch won central authority in England following the War of the Roses and established the Tudor dynasty in 1485.
Who is Henry VII/Tudor?
This ecumenical group's reforms from 1545-63 limited simony, increased clergy education, and increased the papacy's power. It didn't concede any points of theology to the Protestants, endorsing traditional teachings like sacraments and salvation through faith and works.
What is the Council of Trent?
This explorer helped capture Ceuta from the Muslims in 1415, founded a navigational school in Lisbon, and led a series of expeditions to develop trade with Africa and find a route to India and East Asia.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
This radical Dominican preacher (1452-98) led the Florentine population in expelling Medici rulers and establishing a puritanical state. This complete religious and political transformation ended Florence's leading role in Renaissance scholarship and art. After the Medici returned, he was promptly burned at the stake.
Who is Girolamo Savonarola?
This small, agile Portuguese ship could approach very close to land and sail up rivers.
What is the caravel?
This violent English monarch (r. 1533-58), the daughter of Catherine of Aragon and King Henry VIII, attempted to bring England back to the Catholic Church, burning hundreds of Protestants at the stake.
Who is Mary I/Tudor/Bloody Mary?
Through this notorious list of publications (1559-1966), the Catholic Church prohibited works deemed heretical or morally dangerous to Catholics. It included successful Protestant writers like Erasmus and Galileo.
What is the Index of Prohibited Books?
This Incan emperor (the last one) was captured and strangled by Francisco Pizarro in 1533. His death marked the end of the Inca Empire's sovereignty.
Who is Atahualpa?
This Milanese despot ended the Treaty of Lodi by initiating hostilities with Naples in 1490 and invited the French to satisfy their long-standing claims to Naples (French King Charles VIII immediately ordered his troops across the Italian Alps). By 1498, he realized his errors and joined an alliance that ultimately expelled the French and restored the Medici in Florence.
Who is Ludovico il Moro?
The sextant's predecessor. It has roots in ancient Greece and was used during the Islamic Golden Age.
The Duke of Alva's Council of Troubles & the efforts of military hero Don Juan are both examples of what?
What are failed attempts to restore Spanish control in the Netherlands?