Renaissance and Exploration
This family, based in Florence, were major patrons of Renaissance art.
Nailed to a door in Wittenberg
95 Theses
The reign of this monarch was marked as the model of Absolutism in France.
This medieval system organized land into strips and rotated crops to preserve soil fertility.
Three-Field system.
Spanish friar, priest, and chronicler known for his advocacy of the rights of Indigenous peoples in the Americas during the 16th century.
Bartolome de las Casas
This 1494 treaty split the world between two nations, Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This reformer, active in Switzerland, believed in predestination and formed a strict theocracy in Geneva.
John Calvin.
Cardinal Richelieu, advisor to Louis XIII, strengthened royal authority by undermining this group's political power.
Huguenots/Nobility
Early experimentation with breeding livestock for desirable traits began during this period.
Selective Breeding
This innovation, made prominent by its use during the reformation, was involved heavy with paper
This Portuguese prince was known for sponsoring expeditions along the West African coast, earning him the name "The Navigator".
Prince Henry "The Navigator"
The Catholic Church reaffirmed doctrine and reformed practices at this Council.
Council of Trent.
The English Bill of Rights limited royal authority by cementing what principle?
This style of architecture, revived during the Renaissance, emphasized symmetry, columns, and domes inspired by ancient Rome.
Classical architecture
The English King executed during the English Civil War
Charles I
This 15th-century humanist translated the New Testament into Greek and emphasized Christian Humanism.
This 1398 edict granted limited toleration to French Protestants.
Edict of Nantes
This Spanish Monarch ruled during the height of Habsburg power and faced military and economic challenges, including the Dutch Revolt.
Phillip II
This 16th-century agricultural innovation involved enclosing common lands to increase productivity.
Enclosure Movement
This economic theory held that a nation's power depended on its accumulation of precious metals and a favorable balance of trade, leading to colonial expansion and protectionist policies.
Mercantilism
This English scholar and humanist wrote Utopia, criticizing political corruption and outlining an ideal society influenced by Northern Renaissance values.
Thomas More.
The Defenestration of Prague in 1618 sparked which major European conflict?
Thirty Years War
One way the Thirty Years' War influenced state building in Central Europe.
Strengthened some states like Brandenburg-Prussia while weakening the Holy Roman Emperor's Centralized Authority.
This 17th-century Dutch innovation involved reclaiming land from the sea using windmills and dikes.
Polder reclamation.
This 1572 event in France saw the targeted massacre of thousands of Huguenots and deepened the religious divide during the French Wars of Religion.
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre