Middle Ages, Renaissance and Exploration
Name and Describe two events from the Middle Ages that affirm the phrase: "The Calamitous 14th Century"
1. Babylonian Captivity
2. Hundred Years' War
3. Little Ice Age
4. Black Death
5. Famine of 1315
6. Great Schism
Martin Luther nailed this document to the Church's doors at Wittenburg this Year.
What is the 95 Thesis of 1517?
Copernicus - Developed Heliocentric Model
Brahe and Kepler - Proved it using Math and Astrological charting
Galileo - Proved it using observation and then defended it to the Catholic Church.
This city is known as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.
What is Manchester?
Who fought who in WWI? Then, who fought who in WWII? (Minimum 3 Countries per side)
WWI:
Central Powers - Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary
Allies: England, France, Russia, USA, Italy, Japan
WWI:
Axis: German Reich, Italian Empire, and Japanese Empire
Allies: England, France, USSR, and USA
This city was the birthplace of the Renaissance and was shepherded in by their most prominent family.
What is Florence and the Medici Family?
This person established the church of England. Also, describe why he did it.
Who is King Henry VIII? He was a loyal Catholic who wanted a male heir, but his wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not give him one. So he asked the Pope for an annulment (divorce) but did not grant it to him. He then split from the church, denouncing papal authority, and created the Anglican Church, which largely resembled the Catholic Church but with the English monarch as its head.
Name two Enlightenment-era philosophers and their central work/theories.
Answers may vary.
- Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Hobbes, Voltaire, Wollstonecraft, etc.
This invention led to an increase in textile production after 1800 and a rise in slavery in the United States. Additionally, who created this invention?
What is Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin?
Name the economic policy of Lenin and how it differed from Stalin's. (Name both and describe both)
Lenin - NEP (New Economic Policy): Compromise with Capitalism in Small Business
Stalin - Five-Year Plans: Complete collectivization of agriculture and industrial efforts.
These two European kingdoms were the first titans of exploration. After the New World was discovered, they signed this splitting the world in two.
What are Spain and Portugal and the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The St. Bartholomeu's Day massacre led to this person becoming King of France and issuing the Edict of Nantes. Additionally, what was the Edict of Nantes?
Who is Henry of Navarre (King Henry IV)?
Edict of Nantes: Gave French Huguenots (Calvinist Protestants) religious rights to exist.
Name an Enlightened Absolute Monarch and describe why they are "Enlightened."
Catherine II of Russia.
Joseph II of Austria.
Frederick the Great of Prussia.
Peter I of Russia.
Napoleon I of France.
Name one region that was imperialized in the 19th century, who imperialized it, and one effect of that imperialism.
Answers may vary.
Name one consequence of WWI and how it led to WWII.
Answers may vary.
Describe the ways in which Renaissance art differed from that of the Middle Ages. One stylistic Change and One change in technique.
Stylistic: Humanism, More Secular, Everyday life, Greater range of Emotions
Techniques: Realism, Perspective, Light and Shadow, Oil Paints,
Name one Absolute ruler, and explain why they can be considered "Absolute."
Answers may vary.
France - Louis XIII, Louis XIV, Lousi XV
Spain - Philip III, Philip IV
England - James I, Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II, James II
Russia - Ivan IV, Ivan V, Peter I, Catherine II
Austria - Joseph I, Charles III, Maria Theresa, Joseph II
Describe one similarity and one difference between the Gironde and the Mountain factions of the Jacobins.
Both originally supported the French Revolution, but the Gironde became more conservative as the Mountain became more radical. Then, when it came to the execution of Louis XVI, the Gironde voted against it, while the Mountain, led by Maximilian de Robespierre, supported it.
This work of literature in 1848 was a byproduct of revolution-hungry people. Name this work of Literature and describe its central argument.
What is the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels? Describe Communism.
Name two examples of Policies that showed the conflict of the Cold War, and two wars of Proxy during the Cold War.
Policies: NATO and Warsaw Pact; Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and COMECON; Containment; Division of Germany and Berlin.
Proxy Wars: Cuba, Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan
Name one Author from the Renaissance, describe their piece of writing and its central argument.
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince: "It is better to be feared than loved"
Dante Alighieri: Divine Comedy: A narrative journey through hell that deals with themes of justice and redemption and reflects Medieval Christianity.
Desiderius Erasmus: In Praise of Folly: Ironic critiques of the Catholic Church that calls for scholarship and rationality.
Thomas More: Utopia: The ideal society should have common ownership, religious pluralism, and a more equitable and logical societal structure.
Baldassare de Castiglione: The Book of the Courtier: A book of etiquette for a courtier, as it outlines the concept of a "Renaissance Man."
Name and Describe each of the four phases of the Thirty Years' War. (What are the Phases and what was the general outline of the war?)
B- Bohemian (Started when Protestants in Prague, fed up with the rule of Catholic rulers, threw these Catholic city officials out of a window. Then, the Holy Roman Emperor warred against Protestant Princes in the HRE to reestablish control.)
D- Danish (With Bohemian Protestants vastly outmatched in the Holy Roman Empire, Protestant King Christian IV of Denmark sent his armies to fight against the HRE. This prolonged the war and gave the Protestants some success.)
S- Swedish (Again, seeing the Protestants losing steam, Protestant King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden waged war on the Holy Roman Empire, hoping to gain territory in northern Germany. While he was Protestant, his motivations were secular in that he wanted to expand the Swedish influence during the Swedish golden age.)
F—French Phase (Wanting to weaken the Holy Roman Empire, Catholic Spain then joined the fight, helping the Protestants. Able to overpower the war-weary Holy Roman Empire, France and the other world powers were able to force the Treaty of Westphalia, ending the War. The treaty gave France the Alsace-Lorraine territory and recognized Lutherans and Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire.)
Name and describe two events from the French Revolution that took place in 1789.
Estates General - May 5, 1789
Formation of the National Assembly - June 17, 1789
Tennis Court Oath - June 20, 1789
Storming of the Bastille - July 14, 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man - August 26, 1789
Women's March on Versailles - October 5-6, 1789
Name two countries that unified in the 19th Century and explain how they similarly achieved this goal.
Germany and Italy.
They similarly achieved this goal by using a common nationalism to rally behind. They had strong kings (King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont Sardinia and King Wilhelm I of Prussia) that the people supported. They also both waged wars to complete their goals (Prussia: Seven Weeks' War, Franco-Prussian War; Italy: Garibaldi vs. Spanish Naples).
Name and explain one example of European cooperation, as a result of the Cold War.
*Answers May Vary*
- EU
- Reunification of Germany