Austria
Great Britain
Russia
Spain/France
Germany
100
He was Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-1556. At one point, he was also the ruler of Spain, but he abdicated the Spanish throne in favor of his son Philip. He was H.R.E. during the reformation.
Who is Charles V?
100
He is notorious for his obsession to have a male heir and for having 6 wives. In order to divorce his first wife, he separated England from the Catholic church during the English Reformation.
Who is Henry VIII?
100
She was born as a minor German princess, but married Peter III. She is believed to have had Peter murdered. She then took control as Empress of Russia and made some social reforms.
Who is Catherine II? (Catherine the Great)
100
Also called "the Catholic," his marriage to the Queen of Castile united the Spanish kingdoms. He helped to launch his country into the modern age of imperial expansion. His title later became the Regent of Castile and King of Aragon.
Who is Ferdinand of Aragon?
100
He was known as "The Great Elector." He was the leader of Brandenburg-Prussia. During his reign, Prussia became a dominant European power.
Who is Fredrick William?
200
Her father, Charles VI, created the Pragmatic Sanction so that she could become Holy Roman Empress. Her rule also coincided with the War of Austrian Succession in which she lost Silesia.
Who is Maria Theresa?
200
Known as "The Virgin Queen," she was ruler from 1558-1603. She was the daughter of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn.She was also responsible for the execution of her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots. An age is named after her.
Who is Elizabeth I?
200
Under his rule, he attempted to reestablish Russia as a great nation and also attempted to secularize and westernize his country. He founded the city "St. Petersburg" which was soon after known as Russia's "Window to the West."
Who is Peter the Great?
200
She was Queen of Castile and Leon. She married Ferdinand of Aragon. She is known for expelling non-Catholics from her country and for sponsoring the voyage of Christopher Columbus.
Who is Isabella of Castile?
200
He was known as the "Soldier's King" for giving Prussia its famous disciplined army, and he modeled himself after the absolute ruler, Louis XIV. His father was the first king of Prussia.
Who is Fredrick Wilhelm I?
300
Foreign Minister to Austria, he was later granted the title of "Prince." He played a prominent role in the Congress of Vienna and created the Holy Alliance between Austria, Russia, Prussia, and France. He resigned due to the revolution of 1848 and fled to England.
Who is Metternich?
300
He took over as "Lord Protector" after the king, Charles I, was executed in the English Civil War. He was a Puritan, and under his rule the Irish Catholics suffered.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
300
He was the first to be crowned the Tsar of all of Russia. He was ruthless, he centralized the government, and he acquired a great deal of new territory.
Who is Ivan IV? (Ivan the Terrible)
300
He was the son of Charles I. Charles abdicated the throne in favor of him. He also ruled during the golden age of Spain.
Who is Phillip II?
300
A Prussian king, he established control of Silesia, formerly Austrian territory. Then, in the Seven Years War, he remained in control despite the attempts by Maria Theresa to regain control of Silesia. He reformed the military and government and granted limited freedoms in religion and press. He also established the German code of law.
Who is Fredrick II? (Frederick the Great)
400
A devout Catholic, he wished to suppress Protestantism in the Holy Roman Empire. His reign coincided with the 30 Years War.
Who is Ferdinand II?
400
During his 59 year reign, he saw British success in the Seven Years War as well as successful resistance to revolutionary and Napoleonic France. However, his reign also saw the loss of the American colonies, and in his later years he had poor mental health.
Who is George III?
400
He was the Grand Prince of Moscow. He greatly added to the territory of his state ad eventually won independence from the Tartars.
Who is Ivan III? (Ivan the Great)
400
He was the first French monarch from the house of Bourbon. Although baptized Catholic, he was raised protestant and barely escaped assassination in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. He granted religious liberties to protestants with the Edict of Nantes which effectively ended the wars of religion.
Who is Henry IV of Navarre?
400
He was the first chancellor of the German empire and was a key player in the unification of the German states. He provoked 3 short decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France which occurred before the unification of Germany.
Who is Otto von Bismark?
500
He is the son of Maria Theresa and is often viewed as an Enlightened Despot. He made many reforms but died believing he had been a failure.
Who is Joseph II?
500
This couple became king and queen after the Glorious Revolution displaced James II. They were joint monarchs.
Who is Mary II and William III?
500
A time of political turmoil in Russian history in which the rightful heir of the throne was unclear after the deaths of Theodore I and Dmitri (Ivan IV's sons). After this, the Romanovs cam to power.
What is the "Time of Troubles"?
500
A patron of the arts, he was the chief minister of the mentally unstable Louis XIII. He helped to centralize France by restricting the powers of the nobility and was in power during the 30 Years War.
Who is Cardinal Richelieu?
500
He was the last emperor of Germany and ruler at the beginning of WWI. He dismissed Otto von Bismark and offered Austria-Hungary a "blank-check" of support at the beginning of the war.
Who is Kaiser William II?
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