It is written...
I'm feeling Enlightened.
I'm feeling Enlightened, too!
Head of the Class
Let's Experiment: Scientific Ideas
Art and the Artist
200
In this text, Copernicus argued the universe was heliocentric, not geocentric.
What is On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres?
200
All Enlightenment thinkers except him believed humanity was naturally good.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
200
In 1751, he published the first volume of The Encyclopedia.
Who is Denis Diderot?
200
This group made up the majority of the European population.
Who are the peasants?
200
This Danish scientist and his assistant, Johannes Kepler, developed laws of planetary motion. He's more famous for that golden nose though.
Who is Tycho Brahe?
200
Commissioned by Pope Julius II, Michaelangelo painted this scene on the ceiling of this religious building. 
What is the Sistine Chapel?
400
Adam Smith, considered the "father of capitalism" wrote this in 1776.
What is The Wealth of Nations?
400
Tabula Rasa, the idea we’re all blank slates, what put forward by this man.
Who is John Locke?
400
He promoted democracy and personal freedom under the law in The Social Contract.
Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau?
400
In an attempt to modernize Russia, Peter the Great forced this group of nobles to shave their beard -- or pay a tax.
Who are the boyars?
400
He argued that light can be described mathematically, published the laws of gravity, and invented calculus on a dare.
Who was Isaac Newton?
400
Style of art encouraged by the Catholic Church to counter the austerity of Protestant architecture. 
What is Baroque?
600
Mirandola's 15th-century discourse, aka the "Manifesto of the Renaissance."
What is Oration on the Dignity of Man?
600
Philsopher whose argument that "power should check power" led to the establishment of executive, judicial, and legislative branches.
Who is baron de Montesquieu?
600
She argued for women's rights in A Vindication of the Rights of Women.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
600
A group of Polish nobles whose unanimous decision making demands contributed to the partition of Poland.
Who were the Szlachta?
600
Francis Bacon used this, which was the gathering of small pieces of information via experiments and drawing conclusions from them.
What is inductive reasoning?
600
This famous fresco painting was created by Italian Renaissance artist Raphael.
What is The School of Athens?
800
In this 16th-century political treatise, Niccolò Machiavelli postulated being feared was better than loved.
What is The Prince?
800
According to this theory, government exists because the people allow it to exist.
What is the social contract?
800
His satirical novel, Candide, heavily criticized Catholicism.
Who is Voltaire?
800
These were wealthy landowners, but not nobles. They dominated the House of Commons after buying church land from King Henry VIII.
Who are the gentry?
800
He used a telescope to observe the sun's rotation and argued the universe follows the laws of mathematics, not God.
Who was Galileo?
800
Where High Renaissance art emphasizes proportion, balance, and ideal beauty, this exaggerates such qualities.
What is Mannerism?
1000
Erasmus' notable Renaissance essay; it sparked the beginnings of the Reformation.
What is "In Praise of Folly"?
1000
He sketched out a formalized racial hierarchy in his own anthropological work in order to justify the slave trade.
Who is Immanuel Kant?
1000
He espoused justice and protested against torture in On Crimes and Punishments.
Who was Cesare Beccaria?
1000
The landed nobility in Prussia, whom Frederick the Great made join the military in order to maintain their status.
Who were the Junkers?
1000
Rene Descartes used deductive reasoning beginning with general principles, exemplified by this phrase he's famous for.
What is "I think, therefore I am"?
1000
Perhaps slightly less famous than Michaelangelo's David, this artist's version was commissioned by the Medici family. 
Who is Donatello?