Intro/Chem/Histology
Solution: homogeneous, uniform composition
Colloid: heterogeneous, not a uniform composition
Suspension: heterogeneous, large particles settle out
What are the four cell types in the epidermis?
keratinocytes --> corneocytes
melanocytes
Langerhands/dendritic cells
Merkel cells
Describe the flow of lymph.
PAMPs & DAMPs are non-specific patterns on foreign materials or damaged tissue which initiate the innate immune response
PAMPs: pathogen associated molecular patterns
DAMPs: damage associated molecular patterns
TLRs: toll like receptors that recognize PAMPs/DAMPs
Who jumped in a pool at a party for a dare then biked home in 45 degree weather?
Alexis
Describe the structure, function & location of simple squamous epithelium.
Structure: single layer of squamous cells
Function: exchange
Location: alveoli, kidney glomeruli
What are the four phases of hair growth?
anagen: growth phase
catagen: follicle shrinking & detaching from the hair papilla
telogen: rest phase
exogen: shedding
What is drained by the R lymphatic duct and where does it drain into?
Bonus: what is significant about the draining pathway of the R lymphatic duct clinically?
R bronchomediastinal trunk, R jugular, R subclavian
drains into: intersection of the R subclavian and R jugular veins
Bonus: since there are fewer pathways, the R lymphatic duct system is more likely to "clog" and cause lymphedema
What are the 4 types of cytokines?
interleukins
interferons
TNFs (tumor necrosis factors)
CSFs (colony stimulating factors)
Who has travelled to 3 different continents in the past 1.5 years?
Sage
Describe the structure, function and location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Structure: single layer of columnar cells of different heights, all of which are attached to the basement membrane but not all of which reach the apical side
Function: mucus production & propulsion
Location: trachea, upper respiratory tract
location: lining the external ear canal
function: mix with sebum to create ear wax
What are the hormones involved in T cell maturation and what qualities do T cells gain when they mature?
thymopoietin and thymosin
immunocompetence & self-tolerance
Describe the difference between MHC I and MHC II.
MHC I: on all nucleated cells, recognize the cell as self. Can be altered by viral infection and recognized by CD8 T cells to initiate cell-mediated response
MHC II: presented by APCs and recognized by CD4 T cells to initiate humoral response
Who dressed up as lady gaga (bubble costume) in 5th grade?
Keeli
Describe the 5 types of cell:cell junctions.
tight junctions: between adjacent epithelial cells; impermeable
adherens: strengthen tight junctions; impermeable
desmosomes: "velcro" strengthening tight junctions; impermeable
hemidesmosomes: attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane; impermeable
gap junctions: permeable, allow for electrical and chemical communication between cells (cardiac, smooth muscle)
Describe the three types of exocrine glands.
Merocrine: release product via exocytosis so no part of the cell is released (pancreas, eccrine sweat glands, saliva)
Apocrine: apical part of the cell is pinched off with product (apocrine sweat glands, mammary glands)
Holocrine: whole cell bursts to release product (sebaceous glands)
What is the function of red pulp and white pulp in the spleen?
red pulp: filtering and recycling older RBCs
white pulp: leukocyte reservoir ("scanning" blood for viruses)
What are the three complement pathways & what are the 3 outcomes of the complement pathway?
pathways: classic, MBL, alternative/properdin
outcomes: opsonization (C3b), inflammation (C3a & C5a), lysis (MAC--C5b/C6/C7/C8/C9)
Who ended up on the local news after being in Idaho for one day?
Molly
Describe the function & location of 6 types of glia cells.
astrocytes: BBB, CNS
oligodendrocytes: myelin, CNS
microglia: immunity, CNS
ependymal cells: ciliated to move CSF through ventricles, CNS
Satellite cells: regulate chemical environment, PNS
Schwann cells: myelin, PNS
Describe what type of tissue is found in the epidermis (including layers within that tissue), dermis, and subcutaneous.
epidermis: keratinized stratified squamous (s. basale, s. spinosum, s. granulosum, s. lucidum, s. corneum)
dermis papillary layer: areolar CT, vascular
dermis reticular layer: dense irregular CT, vascular
subcutaneous: adipose
What are the 4 tonsils and what is their function?
lingual, palatine, pharyngeal (adenoids), tubal
function: gather ingested/inhaled pathogens and produce memory cells
Describe the function of the 5 different types of immunoglobulins
IgM: quickest response, agglutination
IgG: slower but more prolonged response, agglutination
IgA: blood/secretions (ex. colostrum), produced by MALT
IgE: allergies/anaphylaxis
IgD: activate mast cells, B cells, basophils
Who tried to do a backflip on a trampoline, faceplanted, got their braces stuck & needed their sister to get scissors to cut them out?
Christina