NECK
What are the 4 anterior triangles of the neck?
submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular
What are the 3 main functions of the larynx?
Swallowing, respiration, phonation
What cranial nerve does not originate through the cranial cavity like the rest?
Spinal accessory nerve - originates from the spinal column then travels up to the cranium vault and exits the jugular foramen
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What is the only intrinsic abductor?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
What are the 2 triangles the hypoglossal nerve can be found in?
Submandibular and Carotid Triangles
How many paired and unpaired cartilages does the larynx have? What are they?
3 each
Unpaired - epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
Paired - arytenoids, corniculates, cuneiforms
What is the process of an action potential?
starts with resting potential (-70), rising potential reaches threshold (-55), depolarizes (rising phase), peaks (Na channels close and K channels open), repolarization (falling phase), falls below resting potential, hyper polarization (rises back to resting potential), back to start
What are two muscular attachment sites on the temporal bone?
Styloid process and mastoid process
What are the contents of the jugular foramen?
Jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CNX), and spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
Spinal nerves travel through what foramen?
Intervertebral Foramina (Formed on each side between adjacent vertebral notches)
What is another name for the vestibular folds?
False vocal folds
What is a long tract?
Bundles of axons running up/down CNS, transmitting information over long distances
What are the facets at the sites of articulation?
Superior and inferior articular processes
What nerve provides sensation below the vocal folds? (Hint: branch of vagus n)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is found within the carotid sheath?
Carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
How many layers of tissue do the true vocal folds have? What are they?
5 - epithelium, 3 layers of connective tissue (lamina propria), and muscular layer (thyroarytenoid m.)
Ascending (sensory): From periphery to brain
Descending (motor): From brain to periphery
What system drains the head and face?
Jugular Venous System
What kind of deep cervical fascia forms the entire neck envelope?
Investing fascia
What innervates the infrahyoid muscles (hyoid and laryngeal depressors)?
Ansa cervacalis
(muscles are Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid)
What is the difference between the thyrovocalis and the thyromuscularis?
Thyrovocalis is a tensor and thyromuscularis is a relaxer
Describe the spinothalamic pathway
carries pain and temperature sensations and conveys crude touch and pressure
What is the process of the venous return to the heart?
Blood from the head and face drain into the IJV - joins subclavian to form the brachiocephalic vein - R+L brachiocephalic veins join to form superior vena cava - superior vena cava drains to the right atrium
Why was Ransom wearing a beanie that one time???
Her hair was wet and she didn't want it to smell like dead bodies