Unit 1
the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands, conducts action potential, surrounded by a fatty tissue called myelin sheath
Axon
Bottom Up Processing
take individual pieces and build them to get the whole picture
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy
Unjustifiable and usually negative attitude thoughts towards a group and its members
Prejudice
Medical Model
Concept that diseases have physical that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured
fatty tissue that surround and protects the axon and speeds up electrical impulses
myelin sheath
a binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing images from the retinas in the 2 eyes, the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity between the 2 images, the closer the object
Retinal disparity
Anything spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate with other
Language
Natural drive to belong to a group leads to in-group bias
In-group bias
Diathesis- Stress
Theory that mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition for that illness (diathesis) combined with stressful conditions that play a facilitating role
Occipital Lobe
the primary visual processing hub responsible for interpreting visual signals, including color, form, and motion
Trial and Error
A problem solving method in which multiple attempts are made to reach a solution
B.F. Skinner - behaviorist
Baby may imitate a parent
If they are reinforced they keep saying the word
If they are punished they stop saying the word
Social Learning Theory
Refusal to accept reality because it would produce unbearable anxiety
She would never cheat on me
Denial
Bipolar
Alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and over-excited manic state.
the largest part of the brain, located directly behind the forehead, and is responsible for high-level executive functions, voluntary movement, language production, and personality regulation. It is crucial for decision-making, planning, social behavior, and impulse control, essentially managing "what makes us human"
frontal lobe
the ability of the brain to process things simultaneously. some of them unconscious
Parallel Processing
Aphasia
Impairment of language
Usually caused my left hemisphere damage to either Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area
The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms
Motivation
Disruption of normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, motor control, body representation & behavior.
Dissacociative Disorders
critical brain regions for processing auditory information, language comprehension, and long-term memory formation
temporal lobe
Anterograde Amnesia
can tmake new memories
Learning that takes place by watching another individual model the learning task and then imitating the behavior, also called social learning
Observational learning
James Lange Theory
Evolutionary theorists believe that all human cultures share several primary emotions, including happiness, contempt, surprise, disgust, anger, fear, and sadness
Cluster B
Dramatic or impulsive behaviors