Period 1
Approximately what percentage of Native Americans were killed by smallpox?
90%
Who was John Rolfe, and what did he introduce to the colony of Jamestown?
He was an English explorer and farmer, who later married Pocahontas, and he introduced tobacco to the colonies.
Name one outcome of the Seven Years war from 1754-1763?
- The British and Colonists defeated the French.
- Britain raised taxes in the colonies because they needed to pay for the war.
- This caused colonial discontent.
-The Proclamation Line of 1763 (colonists could not move west)
Why was the Election of 1800 called a "revolution"?
It was the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties.
What was the phrase coined by John O'Sullivan in 1845 that represented the belief that Americans should settle from sea to shining sea?
✨ Manifest Destiny ✨
Why were Native Americans not effective laborers for the colonizers, and who replaced them?
Native Americans died of diseases a fast rate and were replaced by enslaved Africans.
What was a direct result of the Mayflower Compact?
Establishing self-governance and democratic thinking in the colonies.
Name one Articles of Confederation weakness.
- Inability to levy taxes
- Inability to raise an army
- Inability to regulate commerce
South Carolinian John C. Calhoun said slavery was "_________" ?
A positive good.
What did the Free Soil Party want?
To stop the expansion of slavery into new territories.
Name two things that came from Europe to the New World or the New World to Europe during the Columbian Exchange.
From Europe: horses and other livestock, disease, coffee and grain.
From the New World: potatoes, squash, pumpkins, corn, tobacco.
What is the Virginia House of Burgesses?
First representative assembly in the colonies.
What did the anti-federalists demand be added to the new U.S. Constitution?
A Bill of Rights (to protect individual freedoms)
Name and describe the doctrine that the U.S. government adopted in 1823 in regards to foreign policy.
The Monroe Doctrine warned European powers not to interfere in the western hemisphere, and legitimized the independence of new Latin American countries.
What directly prompted the secession of South Carolina followed by the rest of the Confederacy?
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
What was the Encomienda System?
A Spanish system, similar to slavery, that forced Native Americans to do labor for the Spaniards and converted them to Christianity.
Define mercantilism.
A system in which a "mother country" imports raw materials from a colony, and produces manufactured goods to sell back to that colony. It was designed to increase the wealth of the mother country.
Name three "acts" enacted by Britain, that angered colonists, fueling the Revolutionary War.
- Sugar Act
- Stamp Act
- Declaratory Acts
- Townshend Acts
- Intolerable Acts
Name one main component of the American system.
-Allocating money for transportation improvement
-raising revenue by selling public lands
-imposing tariffs
-creating a strong national currency through the Federal Bank.
Who led the raid on Harper's Ferry and what was their goal?
John Brown led the raid at Harper's Ferry, which was an attempt to obtain weapons for a slave rebellion.
Explain the significance of Spanish clergyman Bartolome de Las Casas.
Bartolome de Las Casas wrote about the Spaniards' cruelty towards indigenous people and/or exposed corruption.
Explain one significant element of Bacon's Rebellion.
-An armed rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley.
-Bacon and indentured servants wanted to expand westward.
-Berkeley wouldn't allow it due to potential conflict with the Native Americans.
-This led to a switch to permanent African slavery.
What did George Washington warn Americans not to do in his Farewell Address to the nation?
He advised against establishing political parties, and urged America to avoid permanent alliances and maintain neutrality.
Describe Trancendentalism.
An American philosophical and literary movement emphasizing individuality and the inherent goodness of people and nature.
Which 1863 document declared that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states shall be free?
The Emancipation Proclamation