Lecture 26
hormonal balance of homeostasis is the function of this system
What is the Endocrine System?
Oxytocin has two main functions. List one of those functions
What is Positive feedback loop that drives uterine contractions for childbirth or Oxytocin drives the milk ejection reflex (milk let-down) in mammals?
The adrenal glands are neuro-endocrine
tissue located on or near the kidneys. Name the two glands.
What are the Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla?
______ hormones are synthesized from cholesterol
What is Steroid?
Which of these is a function of oxytocin?
*Positive feedback mechanism for labor and birthing
*Milk ejection from the nipple during breastfeeding
*Pair bonding between humans and dogs after petting
*All of these are functions of oxytocin
What is All of these are functions of oxytocin?
Name 3 of the five endocrine glands
What is
Anterior/posterior pituitary
Thyroid
adrenal
Pancreas(islet cells)
Testis/Ovaries
Antidiuretic Hormone is released in response to ___
What is dehydration?
The Adrenal Cortex receives signals from ________ and makes __________.
What is the Pituitary Gland and Corticosteroids?
What is the trigger for production of antidiuretic hormone?
Mechanoreceptor stimulation
High blood pressure
Stressful stimulus
Increased blood osmolarity
What is increased blood osmolarity?
The anterior pituitary receives signals from the hypothalamus through ____________________.
Nerve stimulation from the central nervous system
Axonal projection from the hypothalamus
the Hypophyseal portal circulation
Paracrine cellular signaling
What is the Hypophyseal portal circulation?
Name the three classes of hormones
What is Steroid, Peptide/Protein, and Monoamine?
List the 8 hormones of the hypothalamus and where they travel to
Anterior pituitary: TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, PIH, somatostatin
Posterior pituitary: ADH, oxytocin
Name the gland that is involved in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis.
Which of these hormones is made in the anterior pituitary, and targets the mammary glands to drive milk production?
Oxytocin
Growth Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Prolactin
What is Prolactin?
The _______________ is the region of the brain that acts as the integrator of homeostasis for the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid
Posterior pituitary
What is the Hypothalamus?
Name the two classes of receptors and which one acts to change gene expression in the cell
Cell Membrane and *Intracellular*
Growth hormone is released from the
anterior pituitary and regulated by __________
What is negative feedback?
Neuro-endocrine control of stress involves
both nervous and endocrine systems. List the 2 possible pathways.
What is 1. Sympathetic nervous system makes epinephrine and 2. Stress hormone response: glucocorticoid production
Which of these hormones is made in the hypothalamus but stored and released from the posterior pituitary?
Thyroid releasing hormone
Somatostatin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Oxytocin
What is Oxytocin?
Levels of cortisol are regulated in the blood by:
Direct neuroendocrine control
Positive feedback loop through the hypothalamus
The cortisol pathway is not regulated
Negative feedback loop through the hypothalamus
What is Negative feedback loop through the hypothalamus?
Which hormone(s) use intracellular receptors, and which use plasma membrane receptors?
Intracellular: Steroid and lipophilic
Plasma membrane: Hydrophilic
Mammary glands have milk ducts
that must _______ to release milk
from the nipple for feeding
What is Contract?
The pancreas has both exocrine and
endocrine functions. Explain those functions.
What is
Exocrine- secretes digestive enzymes into the
small intestine
Endocrine- hormones - glucose homeostasis
Hydrophobic hormones (steroids) bind to a ____________________.
Intracellular receptor that activates a second messenger molecule
Plasma membrane receptor that activates a second messenger molecule
Plasma membrane receptor that travels to the nucleus
Intracellular receptor that travels to the nucleus
What is Intracellular receptor that travels to the nucleus?
Which of the following best describes the differences between the endocrine and nervous systems?
Endocrine system is fast and signals highly specific tissue; Nervous system is slow and travels broadly to various tissues
Endocrine system is fast and travels broadly to various tissues; Nervous system is slow and signals highly specific tissue
Nervous system is fast and signals highly specific tissue; Endocrine system is slow and travels broadly to various tissues
Nervous system is fast and travels broadly to various tissues; Endocrine system is slow and signals highly specific tissue
What is Nervous system is fast and signals highly specific tissue; Endocrine system is slow and travels broadly to various tissues?