Intro to A&P
Compare and contrast human anatomy vs physiology.
Anatomy: Structure of the human body
Physiology: Functions of the human body
What is a cell?
The smallest, basic unit of life.
What are the three layers of skin? List them in order, from superficial to deep.
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What are the components of the skeletal system?
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
Which type(s) of muscle tissue are voluntary? Which type(s) of muscle tissue are involuntary?
Voluntary: Skeletal muscle
Involuntary: Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
What does the word "Nephrotoxic" mean?
Definition: Poisons or agents that can damage the kidney.
Nephro = Kidney
Toxic = Poisons or agents that can cause damage
What material is housed inside of the nucleus?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), the primary molecule containing the genetic instructions for the growth, metabolism, and production of living organisms
Name the four major tissue types.
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
Compare and contrast red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.
Red bone marrow is found in spongy bone. This is where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produced.
Yellow bone marrow is found in compact bone. This is where fat cells are stored.
Name an antagonist muscle pair of the lower body.
Quadriceps and hamstrings (Straighten the knee vs bend the knee)
Gluteus maximus and hip flexors (Push the leg back vs pull the leg forward)
Define anatomical position
Standing position used in medicine, where a person is: standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward, and feet facing forward
What kind of chemical energy does the mitochondria produce?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Where is nervous tissue located?
What happens to the epiphyseal plate in long bones once adulthood is reached?
Epiphyseal plates, also known as growth plates, close once adulthood is reached. Cartilage is hardened into solid bone, permanently stopping growth.
True or False: the Latissimus dorsi is the rounded muscle on top of the shoulder that is used to raise your arms.
Name an organ in each body cavity.
Dorsal Cavity: Brain or spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity: Lungs, heart, diaphragm
Abdominal Cavity: Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, spleen
Pelvic Cavity: Bladder, reproductive organs
The movement of water across the cell membrane is called ______.
Osmosis
What are the components of the Integumentary System?
What is bone remodeling? What two cells are involved in this process? What are their functions?
Definition: The build of new bone and the breakdown of old bone to keep bones healthy and strong
Osteoblasts: Bone cells that build new bone
Osteoclasts: Bone cells that break down old bone
True or False: Ligaments are connective tissues that attaches muscle to bone
False: Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscle to bone. Ligaments are connective tissues that attach bone to bone.
Explain how sweating can maintain homeostasis.
Sweating is a mechanism that decreases body temperature. When the body is exposed to external warm temperatures, sweat glands in the dermis produce sweat. Once sweat evaporates, the body is able to cool down.
What are the main functions of the cell membrane?
1. Protects the cell from its extracellular environment
2. Decides what materials can enter/exit the cell
True or False? Abrasions are deep, narrow wounds that can penetrate through the dermis and hypodermis.
False - Abrasions are superficial wounds that result from friction to the epidermis. Puncture wounds are deep, narrow wounds that can penetrate through the dermis and hypodermis.
Name an example of a pivot joint.
Pivot joints allow rotation. An example would be the neck.
Explain the difference between concentric contraction vs eccentric contraction during a dumbbell bicep curl.
As the dumbbell move toward the body, concentric contraction occurs (i.e. the bicep muscle shortens).
As the dumbbell moves away from the body, eccentric contraction occurs (i.e. the bicep muscle lengthens).