Cardiovascular
These large blood vessels send blood AWAY from the heart
Arteries
The brain is to city hall, as the immune system is to _________
police force/defenders/etc
What's the chemical name of the acid in the stomach that helps break down food and kill bacteria?
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Which gamete requires more energy to produce, egg or sperm?
Egg (by a lot)
What's the common two-word term for a myocardial infarction (need medical help immediately)
Heart Attack
True or false: The "lub/dub" sounds of your heartbeat come from the sound of blood filling the atria
False: From the opening and closing of valves
Macrophages are sometimes colloquially referred to by this name (referencing color)
White blood cells
True, due to peristalsis in the esophagus (can increase the risk of choking, however)
Related to a gardening term, it describe the combination of an egg and sperm cell
Fertilization
Blood is considered what type of tissue?
a) Nervous
b) Connective
c) Muscle
d) Adipose
Connective (originates in the bone)
Heart rate is typically measured in what units? Describe how you determine the heart rate while taking a reading for less than 10 seconds
beats per minute...count the number of beats in 6 or 10 seconds, then multiply by 10 or 6, respectively
Why do most people typically only become ill with the flu at most once per season? Why could someone become sick again during next flu season? (assume they haven't had a vaccine)
Body develops memory cells that help immune response, so it will recognize the same strain. The flu virus mutates year to year, so the strain will be different and your body may not immediately recognize it
What are two main functions of the colon (large intestine)?
Absorb water, push waste out for defecation, further digestion with microbes
Compare and contrast identical and fraternal twins. Development-wise, how do they differ?
Identical twins had one fertilization, then divide into two embryos that develop separately. Fraternal is from two eggs released in ovulation and each separately fertilized
Patients on a waiting list for what organ need to undergo dialysis treatments in the meantime
Kidney
Describe one condition that adversely affects arteries or veins and one possible treatment
Answers will vary
What is a vaccine and how does it assist the immune system?
Injection that contains genetic material of a pathogen that helps the body acquire better immunity to the pathogen. It is NOT the live virus/bacteria/fungi, but helps the body develop antibodies against the real thing
A person has a small intestine that is only have the length of what is typical. Predict what anatomical or physiological issues this person could face
Less time to absorb nutrients, more getting to the colon with larger bowel movements, needing to eat more to get the same amount of calories
What other system is most closely connected with the reproductive system in terms of development, cycles, production of gametes, etc.
Endocrine system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are each described by a set of rhyming words. What are they?
Fight/Flight, Rest/Digest
Some animals have simple hearts that don't have the four chambers in humans. What is a disadvantage of this system in terms of blood circulation?
Cannot go to lungs and then back to heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. Blood would instead have to go the lungs then the body, or return through the lungs to exchange gases then to the rest of the body.
Give an example of autoimmune disease, and describe why it can be so harmful to a person
When the body's immune system attacks tissues that are a part of the body, misidentifying them as pathogenic. Can be hard to treat, given the lack of understanding of the immune systems, and can be chronic
What are the common terms for these digestion terms?
Masticate
Defecate (PG term)
Acid reflux
Chewing
Pooping
Heartburn
Compare and contrast two types of birth control. What is an advantage and disadvantage of each method?
Answers will vary
Put in order from shortest to longest time to heal (on average). Is one of these a trick question?
a) broken phalanges
b) chipped incisor
c) torn Achilles tendon
d) superficial skin laceration
e) broken tibia
D, A, E, C (for B, teeth cannot repair themselves)