IMMUNE SYSTEM
What are the two main branches of immunity?
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
What blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
What part of the neuron receives impulses?
Dendrite
What is the name of the wave-like motion that propels food?
Peristalsis
What hormone triggers ovulation?
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
What do B cells produce?
Antibodies
What valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What division of the nervous system controls involuntary functions?
Autonomic nervous system
What stomach compartment is known as the "true stomach" in ruminants?
Abomasum
Which gland secretes ADH and oxytocin?
Posterior Pituitary
Which type of immunity involves T cells killing infected cells?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is the formula for cardiac output?
Stroke Volume × Heart Rate
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic system?
Acetylcholine
What are the four main parts of the nephron?
Renal corpuscle, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT
What structure in the male stores and matures sperm?
Epididymis
Which cytokine type is involved in antiviral defense?
Interferons
What part of the heart initiates electrical impulses?
SA Node
Name two parts of the diencephalon.
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidney?
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
Name the three layers of the uterus.
Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium
Name all 5 antibody classes and one function for each.
IgG (long-term immunity), IgA (mucosal protection), IgM (first produced), IgE (allergy/parasites), IgD (B cell activation)
Describe the complete path of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava.
Vena cava → Right atrium → Tricuspid → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Mitral → Left ventricle → Aorta
What are the four stages of nociception?
Transduction, Transmission, Modulation, Perception
Describe the path of urine from formation to excretion.
Nephron → Collecting duct → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra
Trace the path of hormone regulation from hypothalamus to thyroid hormone release.
Hypothalamus → TRH → Pituitary → TSH → Thyroid → T3/T4