Unit 1
What principle says government gets power from the people?
Popular sovereignty
What compromise created a bicameral Congress?
The Great (Connecticut) Compromise
What do we call a two-house legislature?
Bicameral
What group advises the President and heads executive departments?
The Cabinet
Which courts are the highest level in the U.S. court system?
The Supreme Court
What type of democracy involves citizens voting directly on laws?
Direct democracy
What clause gives Congress implied powers?
The Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause
Who is officially the leader of the Senate?
The Vice President
What power allows the President to reject a bill?
Veto
What type of jurisdiction lets a court be the first to hear a case?
Original jurisdiction
What Enlightenment thinker believed in natural rights like life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What principle prevents any branch from gaining too much power?
Checks and balances
What tactic in the Senate delays a vote through extended debate?
Filibuster
What is the President’s role as head of the armed forces?
Commander-in-Chief
What constitutional clause protects fair treatment under the law?
Due Process Clause
What system divides power between national and state governments?
Federalism
What clause makes federal law supreme over state law?
Supremacy Clause
What committee resolves differences between House and Senate versions of a bill?
Conference committee
What federal agency enforces the law and handles rulemaking?
Bureaucracy (FDA, EPA, etc. )
What judicial philosophy argues that courts should avoid overturning laws and defer to elected branches unless there is a clear constitutional violation?
Judicial restraint
What document was America’s first national government system but was weak due to no taxing power?
Articles of Confederation
Name the case that established judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison
What power allows Congress to control spending and budgeting?
The Power of the Purse
What doctrine gives the President confidential communication with advisors?
Executive Privilege
What Supreme Court case ruled that suspects must be informed of their rights before questioning, leading to the creation of the “You have the right to remain silent…” warning?
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)