Vocab
It is a body of voters in a given area who elect a representative or senator.
What are Constituecies?
Coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals.
What is an Iron Triangle?
This Senate procedure permits the minority party the opportunity to force unlimited debate over policy which they may have questions on or entirely disagree with. However, the majority party can force a cloture vote to end it.
What is the filibuster?
It is the only required communication from the president to the congress.
What is the State of the Union?
This Article of the U.S. Constitution creates the Supreme Court and gives Congress the power to create "inferior" courts.
What is Article III?
This holds 15 Department Secretaries that advise the president.
What is the Cabinet?
This power allows the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress or executive actions unconstitutional.
What is judicial review?
In Federalist 70, Hamilton is making an argument for this.
What is an Energetic Executive?
It is the authority of a court to hear a case first.
What is original jurisdiction?
What is Executive Privilege?
It is in this house of Congress where bills to raise revenue (tax) must be generated.
What is the House of Representatives?
This formal power of the president allows them to release convicted individuals and set aside punishment.
Whare presidential pardons and reprieves?
While most federal cases begin in District Courts, the Supreme Court holds this type of jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors.
What is Original Jurisdiction?
This "System" replaced the spoils system, ensuring federal jobs are awarded based on exams and qualifications.
What is the Merit System?
Often cited as the Court's greatest weakness, the Judiciary lacks this the power of the sword; meaning it must rely on them to carry out its rulings.
What is the Executive Branch (the president)?
It was this SCOTUS case in which the justices held that they do indeed have the power to rule on cases of apportionment within the states.
What is Baker v. Carr?
It is a judicial decision that guides future courts in handling similar cases.
What is precedent?
A bureaucracy's power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what Congress meant when they passed a law.
What is Bureaucratic Discretion?
OR
What is Delegated Discretionary Authority?
This individual is voted into their position, but has always been a member of the majority party. They appoint members to committees and preside over debate.
Who is the Speaker of the House?
If Congress is no longer in session and the president just doesn't sign a bill that they have received, this power has been expressed.
What is the Pocket Veto?
This 1803 landmark case established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
These "independent" bodies, like the FCC or the SEC, are designed to be insulated from direct political pressure. The president needs "cause" to fire people in them.
What are Independent Regulatory Commissions?
While the president may sign the budget into being and even has the power to make suggestions and proposals, this power still resides with Congress.
What is the Power of the Purse?
This SCOTUS case ruled in favor of Shaw. The court held that states could not redraw district lines with the race of the constituents being the only justification.
What is Shaw v. Reno?
The practice of letting a previous legal decision stand.
What is stare decisis?
A web of influence between interest groups, policymakers (Congress & Bureaucracy), and policy advocates (possibly you!).
What is an issue network?
It is through this type of committee that both the House and the Senate would meet to revise a common piece of legislation.
What is a conference committee?
While it is the role of the president to negotiate and sign treaties, sometimes they establish these, which allow them to work with foreign nations without Senatorial approval. These are not binding for future presidents.
What are Executive Agreements?
To grant a "writ of certiorari" and hear a case, this many Supreme Court justices must agree to put it on the docket.
What is four?
The "Iron Triangle" consists of a bureaucratic agency, a congressional committee, and this third group.
What are Interest Groups?
After FDR's four elections, this constitutional amendment was passed, preventing the president from serving more than 2 terms.
What is the 22nd Amendment?
In Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the Judiciary was the "least dangerous" branch because it possessed neither of these.
What are the sword and the purse?
A philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should be cautious in overturning laws.
What is judicial restraint?
Presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of gov't to support his/her policies.
What is the Bully Pulpit?
Both the House and the Senate have committees, and many overlap. However, for any bill to hit the floor of the House, it must go through this committee.
What is the Rules committee?
When passing a bill, the president can do this which allows them to give a description of what they view as their role and responsibilities in carrying out the new law.
What is "Signing a Statement"?
This "Order" is issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records of a case for review.
What is a Writ of Certiorari?
The USPS is considered to be this type of executive agency.
What is a Government Corporation?
This Congressional power allows committees to hold hearings and investigate a bureaucratic agency to ensure they are following legislative intent.
What is Congressional Oversight?
William Marbury sued James Madison to force the delivery of his commission, requesting the Court issue this specific type of legal order. The case resulted in the power of Judicial Review.
What is a writ of mandamus?