federalist 10/51
Madison identifies this phenomenon as a group of citizens united by a common interest adverse to the rights of other citizens or the permanent interests of the community, which he seeks to control.
What are factions?
This term, discussed in Brutus 1, refers to the idea that a government must be held accountable to the people, a principle the author believes is threatened by a large and distant federal government
What is popular sovereignty?
This first governing document of the United States, ratified in 1781, created a weak central government and ultimately led to its replacement by the Constitution in 1789
What are the Articles of Confederation?
This document, adopted on July 4, 1776, proclaimed the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule and outlined fundamental principles of individual rights and government.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This term refers to the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1791, which guarantee individual freedoms and protections against governmental abuse.
What is the Bill of Rights?
Madison argues that the best way to control factions is through this system, which he believes will create a larger pool of competing interests, ultimately protecting minority rights
What is a large republic?
This concept, highlighted in Brutus 1, refers to the fear that a powerful central government could infringe upon the rights of states and individuals, undermining the principles of republicanism.
What is the danger of tyranny?
This significant limitation of the Articles of Confederation prevented Congress from imposing taxes, which hindered the federal government's ability to raise revenue and pay debts.
What is the inability to levy taxes
The Declaration of Independence lists grievances against this British monarch, who was king at the time of the colonies' break from Britain
Who is King George III
This 1803 Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional and significantly expanding the power of the judiciary.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Madison emphasizes that controlling the effects of factions is crucial, and he proposes that a large republic
What is the size and diversity of the republic?
In "Brutus 1," this key argument centers around the belief that a large republic would lead to the misrepresentation of citizens' interests due to the vast number of constituents a single representative would have.
What is the concern about representation in a large republic?
This event in 1786, fueled by economic distress and a lack of federal power under the Articles of Confederation, highlighted the weaknesses of the government and prompted calls for a stronger central authority.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
what is not in the declaration of independence
what is slavery
Both the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan agreed on the necessity of a stronger central government to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, particularly regarding federal powers such as regulating commerce and taxation
What is the need for a stronger national government?
This group of essays, including Federalist No. 10, was written to persuade the states to ratify the Constitution, emphasizing the benefits of a stronger federal government to address issues of factionalism and instability
what are The Federalist Papers?
Brutus 1 was part of a series of essays aimed at influencing public opinion; collectively, these writings were instrumental in shaping the Anti-Federalist perspective during the ratification debate of 1787-1788
What are the Anti-Federalist Papers?
This issue, stemming from the lack of a strong central authority under the Articles of Confederation, led to economic turmoil, interstate trade disputes, and a lack of cohesive national policies.
What is the inability to regulate interstate commerce?
This philosophical influence, specifically a French Enlightenment thinker, is often credited with shaping the ideas of government and natural rights found in the Declaration of Independence
Who is John Locke?
This proposal, presented at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, aimed to create a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, regardless of population, in response to concerns about the Virginia Plan's emphasis on population-based representation.
What is the New Jersey Plan?
Madison explicitly rejects the idea of eliminating factions as impractical and instead proposes that their effects can be controlled through the establishment of this specific framework within the Constitution, allowing for a check on majority rule.
What is a system of checks and balances?
In "Brutus 1," the author warns that the judiciary, as structured under the proposed Constitution, would ultimately become the most powerful branch of government, threatening individual rights and state sovereignty
What is the fear of an overpowering judiciary?
This critical debate during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 was influenced by the failures of the Articles of Confederation and focused on the need for a stronger federal government, ultimately leading to the creation of the U.S. Constitution.
What is the debate over federalism versus state sovereignty?
This term describes the system of political representation in which different groups, such as political parties or interest groups, compete for power, often leading to a division of opinions and priorities within the government, exemplified by the ideological splits seen in Congress
What are political factions?
This proposal, introduced at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, advocated for a strong national government with a bicameral legislature where representation in both houses would be based on state population, addressing the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
What is the Virginia Plan?