SCOTUS
This Supreme Court case ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated this amendment.
What is/was Engel v. Vitale
This rule says that illegally gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial.
What is the exclusionary rule?
The power of the courts, particularly the Supreme Court, to review and potentially invalidate laws and actions of the legislative and executive branches if they are deemed unconstitutional
What is Judicial Review?
This principle of the Constitution divides power between the national and state governments.
What is Federalism?
the body of government employees hired based on merit and qualifications, not political patronage, who work in the executive branch of government, carrying out the day-to-day functions of the bureaucracy
What is Civil Service?
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that students do not lose this right when they enter school, as long as it does not disrupt learning.
What is/was Tinker v. Des Moines?
A person cannot be tried or punished twice for the same offense after being acquitted or convicted
What is Double Jeopardy?
Which faction wanted the Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution?
Who are/were the Anti-Federalists?
The president can veto a bill, but this branch has the power to override that veto with a two-thirds vote.
What is the legislative branch (Congress)?
Hiring government employees based off of party and political loyalty.
What is patronage/spoils system?
The Supreme Court ruled that Wisconsin’s mandatory school attendance law violated the religious freedoms of this religious group.
What is/was Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Guarantees of equal treatment and protection under the law, ensuring freedom from discrimination.
What are Civil Rights?
What are the five freedoms stated in the First Amendment?
What is the freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and to petition the government?
This group, which supported the ratification of the Constitution, argued that a strong central government was necessary to maintain order and stability.
Who were/are the Federalists?
these are government-owned entities that operate like a business, providing services to the public, such as the United States Postal Service.
What are Government Corporations?
This case established that speech creating a "clear and present danger," such as encouraging people to resist the draft, was not protected under the First Amendment.
What is/was Schenck v. United States?
Fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution that protect individuals from government overreach.
What are Civil Liberties?
This amendment grants the right to a fair and speedy trial, an impartial jury, and legal representation.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
To propose an amendment to the Constitution, Congress must pass it with this fraction of both houses before it goes to the states for ratification.
What is two-thirds?
These are the largest bureaucratic agencies and are responsible for implementing broad policy areas, such as the Department of Defense or the Department of Health and Human Services.
What are Departments?
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the government could not stop newspapers from publishing classified documents about the Vietnam War, strengthening this First Amendment protection.
What is/was New York Times Co. v. United States?
The power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use
What is Eminent Domain?
This amendment declares that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or the people, reinforcing state sovereignty.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
This compromise at the Constitutional Convention created a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in one house and equal representation in the other.
What is the Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise)?
This person advises the president on foreign affairs, negotiates foreign affairs, and carries out foreign policies.
Who is the Secretary of State?